The Qur`an Essay Example for Free

The Qur'an Essay This site contains determinations from the Quran, especially those areas basic to Islam. These areas manage Allah (God), the love of Allah, keeps an eye deliberately according to Allah, and the reason for the disclosure to Muhammad.â what's more, this site gives sacred writing about the Quran, conviction and doubt, the connection between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity and the Islamic perspective on an existence in the wake of death. Given the historical backdrop of wars between these three beliefs, it is fascinating to note exactly how much their sacred writings show comparative statutes. Islam sees Mohammed (around 570 A.D. until 632 A.D.) as the last divine revelation or Allay to individuals of this world until the world reaches a conclusion. Like Judaism that had been in presence for in any event 1500 years and Christianity that had been in presence for over 500 years, Islam is a monotheistic religion dependent on a book, the Quran. Every one of these religions originate from the custom of Abraham and his descendents. Given the present reality and the current enmity between those countries thought about Christian and those thought about Muslim, there are an astounding number of similitudes between the two religions. What's more, given the solid enemy of Semitic inclination among the more extreme gatherings of Islam, it is difficult to accept that the two of them originate from comparable conventions. In the conversation of Muhammads reason, we read. In this way have we sent among you a missionary of yourselves, to recount to you our signs, to sanitize you and show you the Book and shrewdness, and to train you what you didn't have the foggiest idea; recall me (God), at that point, and I will recollect you; express gratitude toward me, and don't doubt. This is surprisingly like a great part of the lessons and activities of Jesus who neutralized the Pharisees to clean Judaism in Jerusalem in the primary century A.D. In the area called God it is intriguing to peruse and take note of the amount of the depiction resembles the book of the Old Testament. Your God is one God; there is no God however He, the tolerant, the empathetic of the Quran thinks about to the ten instruction articulation of thy God is a desirous god, Thou shalt have no other god before Me. In the Quran Allah appears to be increasingly adult. It is asserted that he is the one god, however that he is tolerant and sympathetic. In the Judeo-Christian convention, God appears to be less experienced, progressively given to outrage and additionally requesting of the individuals who love him/her. There is an increasingly alive and celebratory quality to the compositions of the Quran. Rather than saying something like God made the sky and the earth as in the Old Testament, only a straightforward definitive articulation, the Quran gives an alternate inclination, He made the sky and the earth. May God be lifted up over all that which they get together with Him! This enthusiasm and feeling communicated in the Islamic custom is significantly not the same as what is knowledgeable about numerous Christian Churches today. This is reflected in the conduct of Muslims, who are enthusiastic and open in broadcasts today, rather than the controlled, remote, disconnected adoring that numerous Christians and Jews do. The Quran and the Bible offer numerous comparable lessons. Tragically, Moslems, Christians and Jews appear to be resolved to accentuation the distinctions as opposed to grasping the similitudes. Works Cited Hooker, Richard. Islam the Qu-ran. 02 Dec. 2006 http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ISLAM/QURANSEL.HTM

FACILITIES, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Offices, STADIA AND THE ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example Development of the current arena of the Arsenal club was unrealistic in light of the space crunch. Because of this there was lost all out income. Subsequently development of an a lot bigger arena was incredibly required. Since Islington was extremely near Highbury, Arsenal chose to proceed onward to this area, which could bear the cost of around 60, 400 seats. The club needed to initially purchase various terrains to move Islington Council's reusing plant and Royal Mail Holloway Delivery Office prior arranged in the picked area (Islington). This was a pricey move for the club. The Emirates Airlines has marked a 100m sponsorship manage the club. This is the motivation behind why the arena has been named Emirates Stadium. The name of the arena will continue as before for at any rate 15 years on account of this sponsorship. The club had organized credit from the arena offices banking gathering. The gathering comprises of the greatest names of the financial part of UK. One reason why the club decided to assemble the arena in this area is that it is geologically very much found. Various London Underground stations are inside simple reach of the arena. Holloway Road tube station is near the southern piece of the arena while the Arsenal Tube Station is arranged near the northern piece of the arena. ... area's geographic significance was generally alluring for them since it was in a zone with which the club has been related since the previous 91 years. So there was an enthusiastic connection to Islington, which worked in support of its. Munititions stockpile's notoriety is of having world's best playing surface. Islington's property measurements were appealing which was one more geographic purpose behind picking this region for the presumed arena. Emirates - a different reason arena Aside from sports the Emirates Stadium is likewise associated with different exercises like sorting out various top-level gatherings, discussions, workshops, meetings and so on at the arena premises. The arena has the arranging authorization to compose a few single day occasions and up to 3 melodic shows in its premises. Government Policy The UK government's recovery arrangements have changed the substance of London. The development of the Emirates Stadium can be identified with these strategies of the legislature. The sum total of what endeavors have been made to convey forward the recovery work in understanding to the arrangements set by the administration. Sports have consistently been a most loved action of the individuals of United Kingdom. In contrast with all the games, football (soccer) is the most mainstream game among the individuals of UK. The administration arrangements are constantly coordinated to advance this game. The administration's help in this venture is a case of its elite athletics arrangements. With the current government and its strategies there is no uncertainty about the way that sports will flourish much more in London. The development of the Emirates Stadium is a new case of this. The arena has been declared - no smoking zone, in the light of the no smoking strategy out in the open spots of the legislature of Great Britain. Through this the individuals are not permitted to

Business Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy - Research Paper Example Asset report Basic Template 9.0 Current date: 9.1 Future Dates: 10.0 C: Income Statement Basic Template: 10.0 Marketing current spending incomes: 10.1 Operations current spending costs: 10.2 Administrative and cost of capital current spending costs: 11.0 D. ... h connections with people working in the fields in which every youngster is intrigued would we be able to energize and prompt every understudy on what is important in school and in life to accomplish their objectives. Through early collaboration we can pick up the trust of the understudies, families and volunteers so to cooperate to defuse any dangerous propensities. While working with those people in their fields of intrigue these understudies will become proteges of these people for quite a while, in the end turning out to be assistants as they get more seasoned and closer to their finishing course work in that field. Information and Dreams is a program that is in direct reaction to the developing number of youngsters becoming lost despite a general sense of vigilance in school and neglecting to get ready for their future. The objective of this program is to offer coaching obviously study and dream improvement and entry level position to the young people of the intercity. This prog ram will snare training when adulthood giving proficient involvement with the two territories. The center is distinctive for each age gathering in spite of the fact that the message is the equivalent, to enable every one of them with the information expected to settle on better choices for their future. Information and Dreams will concentrate essentially on intercity youth everything being equal. As indicated by the National dropout avoidance focus â€Å"There are a huge number of youth programs accessible, however many are out of reach to downtown and rustic youth (2012, para 2).† Knowledge and Dreams will accomplice an expert to each gathering of five who is keen on his/her field of study. These organizations will last the length of the Childs remain in the program. This program will likewise give mentors to these understudies for each evaluation level and subject where help is required. During that time week by week arranged exercises to reinforce the

Anthropology Response Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanities Response Paper 2 - Essay Example Besides, man moved into the phase of homohabilis where he utilized acheulian instruments dated about 1.7 million years back. Homo Habilis moved to this phase after continuous improvement over some time. At this stage, they were making increasingly refined stone instruments which were more keen and had directly at the edge, and a model is the hand hatchet. At this stage, the cerebrum size of man is said to have expanded and improved in insight. Nonetheless, it isn't right to surmise social capacity from cerebrum size on the grounds that at this stage, culture was less evolved given that man had a broadened mind size. In the end man progressed to another stage and was given the name Homo erectus, and all through his geographic range, investigate has demonstrated that there was dynamic improvement after some time. The late Homo erectus was found to have complex mental tablets, which guided him in making complex social curios. At the point when the executes got valuable, the dependence o n devices expanded. In the end man moved to new resource and financial examples, which improved the methods and wellsprings of getting food. As per paleoneurology, a few experiences concerning human advancement have been uncovered. This examination contends that the head is remarkable on the grounds that it from the developing mind tissue and not social capacity. This is a similar case with bones that guide development. This examination is affected by neuroscience and has no generous information on the present usefulness of the cerebrum. Paper two Race has been characterized by anthropologists under six unique gatherings in particular; Ausraloid, mongoloid, Caucasoid, Polynesians, Negroid, and Native Americans. Anthropologists contend that every one of these individuals share comparable physical qualities, and they began from a typical point on the planet. Natural anthropologists have depicted the organic varieties of man and arrived at a resolution that there are three significant clarifications of varieties in people. These are normal choice that portrays varieties in inherited characteristics, Gene stream that happen in light of the fact that individuals from a specific populace mate with another from an alternate populace, and hereditary draft; which is a marvels that happen when individuals move one geological area to another. Today, anthropologists have understood that the racial human guide is altogether different from human qualities and that separation that exists is political. Individuals are diverse due to shifted situations, which their predecessors possessed. For instance, misconstruing the ideas achieves power legislative issues and even savagery (Haviland, Prins and McBride 298). Individuals accepting direct overhead daylight like Africans will in general be darker than those from slanted daylight districts. This is on the grounds that melanin shields the skin from bright radiation and individuals with more melanin live longer than those with le ss melanin. The preferred position with those with less melanin, similar to Asians and Europeans, is that they retain more nutrient D from the sun when contrasted with their associates with more melanin on account of poor entrance of sun into their skin. This qualification is huge in light of the fact that we have to comprehend that race is anything but an organic definition portraying the DNA structure of an individual and it is fixed; subsequently one can't transform it. Race isn't viewed as a substantial method of depicting individuals. Consequently anthropologists h

Neurosurgeon Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Neurosurgeon Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Neurosurgery is undisputedly among the most complex spheres of medicine because the scope of duties and responsibilities goes way beyond the limits of someone who just prescribes vitamins to patients to feel better.When one says “brain surgery”, that’s already complicated enough, but neurosurgery is even more than that.There are surgical and non-surgical procedures, based on the conditions, but in each case, comprehensive knowledge and an extreme dose of patience are required.Come to think of it, writing a resume for neurosurgeon sounds like a piece of cake comparing the actual job itself, doesn’t it?Well, it’s going to be, right after you read our detailed guide on creating a CV, packed with loads of useful information and hints.The complexity of this highly responsible profession requires a well-arranged resume which will assure recruiters that you are the candidate they need.As you are supposed to perform complex and demanding procedures, future employees need to make su re that you are trustworthy and experienced enough.So, it’s quite natural that after a busy day in the operating room your brain’s somewhat off (pun intended!), that’s why we shall help you and make your CV shine the brightest among the competition.We will guide you through every section, showing you how to articulate them precisely and make them attract the readers’ attention.After all, the attention span is drastically decreasing, some resumes are eliminated by the applications without ever being seen by real people.Now that you are aware of how important is to make sure your resume ends up in “inviting for an interview” pile of papers, get down to acing it.Are you ready to learn how to write the best neurosurgeon resume?Pediatric Neurosurgeon Resume Example Right Junior Neurosurgeon Resume Example Right Create your own resumeAs you can see by these two practical examples of how your CV should be written when youre applying for the position of a neurosurgeon, there are plenty of details one should pay attention to.In the beginning, you need to put yourself into the recruiter’s role and try to make out what are the details he/she will pay attention to.That’s why our guide here will give you detailed instructions on each of the sections and help you express things the right way. Your resume should be adjusted to the demands of the specific position so that the recruiter would be sure that you are the desired candidate.Stay tuned to find out how the best neurosurgeon resume should look like, what are the most common dos and don’ts and how to increase chances to get that excellent job which caught your attention.Plus, we have quite a powerful tool for you, later on that!KNOW-HOWS ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTION IN NEUROSURGEON RESUME  Every resume, regardless of the professio n, has the approximately similar intro. That’s the section with personal information, where, to be honest, you cannot improvise much. To be precise, you shouldn’t improvise at all.So, have a precision of a surgeon (I mean, a neurosurgeon) and make sure everything’s well-expressed and written in this section.Some information like full name, phone number, e-mail, and address should be written the way they are, no false data or some nonsense.Allow me to illustrate it via a practical example:olivia.miller@gmail.com Rightolly.Jolly.miller@gmail.com WrongIt doesn’t take much to guess which one would be invited and which candidate would be eliminated from the process. Your e-mail address should sound professional and ordinary, so nothing inappropriate, silly or even embarrassing should end up in an important document such is your resume.If you haven’t got any that sounds okay, well, making it would take you several minutes, and the difference is enormous.Though it may seem like an irrelevant detail, HRs do pay attention to such things.As for your physical address, that detail is not mandatory, so it’s up to you whether you will or wont list it. Check out what’s in the job requirements.What’s even more crucial is that your full name is precisely that- just name and last name. Nicknames, alias names, and pseudonyms are strictly forbidden in the resume. You don’t want your resume to sound ridiculous, don’t you?Here’s the good and the bad example:Olivia Miller RightOlly Miller WrongThe next section- profession. If possible, when listing it, stay clear of generic and broad titles. Try to specify it. It can be particularly challenging for freshly-graduated candidates or those who haven’t got much experience yet, but adding something like “Junior” or “Assistant” also does the job.Several options could be listed in this section. It can be either the previous job title, your actual profession, but listing the topic of your master thesis or subject you’ve graduated are also among possibilities how to express your profession precisely.For example:Pediatric Neurosurgeon RightNeurosurgeon WrongAnd last but not the least important thing-social media. If you decide to include this in your resume, the best choice is LinkedIn.Of course, provided the profile is up to date. If you have a well-arranged LinkedIn profile, it will make an excellent addition to your resume and will help HRs create a precise picture about who you are,Avoid including social networks that are not business-related or have too much inappropriate content. Just to make something clear, when saying “inappropriate”, that’s when observing things form your future employer’s point of view.Those can be pictures from parties, summer holidays, some silly statuses and whatnot, and you don’t want any of those to have an impact over recruiter’s decision on evaluating you as a candidate.THE ULTIMATE TIPS FOR ACING THE SUMMARY SECTION IN NEUROSURGEON CV Our next stop is the Summary section, which, as the name itself implies, should SUMMARIZE some key points from your resume. It should represent some combination of skills, education, and experience.In case you are a candidate with plenty of experience, then your summary can only gather information from that section.On the other hand, if you have no experience but you possess some exquisite skills, they should be your wild card in resume. You can also push things a bit by saying why you want this job, or in which way you can contribute to the team.So, this mini compilation has the sole purpose to grab the HR’s attention and persuade him/her to invite you, and hopefully give you the job.It should be precise and engaging, containing the very best of you.Speaking of some ideal length and the structure of the summary, it should be around two or three sentences, with some most prominent highlights.So, no boring sentences, no romantic life stories, just list what you think is the most re presentative thing about you.After all, you are a neurosurgeon, aren’t you?Cut it precisely, just as you would do during any operation.Here are some useful examples:SummaryA highly-cooperative pediatric neurosurgeon with 7+ years of experience. Educated patients and family members on the complete procedure (perioperative, treatment plan and care after discharge from hospital). Provided assistance during operating procedures of complex and untypical conditions. Seeking opportunities to upgrade my knowledge and experience.   RightSummaryExperienced pediatric neurosurgeon. Educated patients. Assisted during operating procedures.   WrongOne again, it’s quite clear which candidate would sound more professional and deeply interested in getting the job. Because that’s what summary should do, show that you are deeply and truly interested in scoring that great job.FIND OUT HOW TOP-PERFORMING NEUROSURGEONS ARRANGE THE EXPERIENCE SECTION IN THEIR RESUMES  After learning how to write th e best summary for the neurosurgeon resume, learn how to make the Experience section sound equally punchy and powerful.This is perhaps the most significant part of your resume because it shows whether or not you have some practical experience and what are your achievements in the field.This will give the best picture in which way you as a candidate can contribute to the future company. Experience is in the majority of cases the determining factor when selecting the right one to employ.It may sound a bit discriminatory regarding the individuals who have just graduated or those who haven’t got any experience, but that’s the truth. We don’t want to create illusions or discourage you, the whole point is to help you persuade the recruiters that you are the one who deserves the job.When listing the experiences from previous jobs, list your contributions, achievement, and scope of duties.Then arrange those in bullet point and you will get a perfect reader-friendly neurosurgeon CV.We told you how attention span is getting shorter and shorter, so creating an easy-to-read document is of vital importance.If possible to apply it, add some numbers or percentages, as they add more value to whatever you listed. Let’s say they make your experience and qualities measurable. As silly as it sounds, but they do the magic, of course, if implemented naturally.Here’s how it should and should look: Right WrongOf course, when arranging the Experience section, stick to those which are of importance to the profession.Even though the fact that you worked ever since you started studying in a café, as a shop-assistant or pet sitter may imply that you are a hard-working person, still, those have nothing to do with being a neurosurgeon.In case you don’t have many things to list in this section, we have a solution for that as well. Keep reading to find out!THE EDUCATION SECTION AS YOUR SECRET WEAPON ON NEUROSURGEON RESUMEIn case you are applying for the first time and you have just graduated, the best way to create a persuasive resume is to ace the Education section.Even though experience almost always prevails, it doesn’t mean this section should be underestimated.Perhaps you are a college graduate with an excellent GPA score, or you have some extraordinary achievements during studies, and those can be your key to success.You surely wrote some important essays and did various research , or maybe you attended some seminars. These are just some of the ideal what could be an excellent addition to this section.Each one of us has some unique knowledge and qualities, and sometimes that’s the thing recruiters are asking for, so show them what you’ve got.Do know that there are always chances that other candidates are not competent or haven’t arranged their resume properly (because they haven’t had the opportunity to check out our awesome guide!), so do your best to rise and shine.THE ULTIMATE WAY TO EXPRESS SKILLS WHEN CREATING A NEUROSURGEON RESUME    When listing the skills on your resume, you need to adjust it according to the specific requirements of the position. Neurosurgery is an immense field of medicine, there are plenty of branches, so the skillset will vary slightly.Even those these data may sound generic or unnecessary, sometimes even too obvious, you need to find a way to articulate them the right way.Their task is to intensify the experience and kno wledge you listed, and give an extra dose of credibility to the entire document.Make sure they are well-balanced, just like the previous sections. And keep them profession-related, don’t include some silly stuff such as “champion in fats sandwich-eating” or “lightning-quick beer drinker”, or “passionate and experienced belly-dancer”.They have nothing to do with how concentrated you will be while performing a complex operation or how well will you communicate with patients.Keep those silly trivia away from the resume, they can only harm.Here’s the right and the wrong way to write your skills:SkillsUrgent care specialistHighly-efficient strategy plannerHonest medical professionalCooperative and able to make decisions under pressure RightSkillsMake decisionsEfficientHonest WrongFINAL SET OF HOTTEST TIPS FOR BEST EVER NEUROSURGEON RESUME  There’s a funny joke related to this profession saying: ”We know how much we know about the brain, but not how much we don’t k now!”Well, we DO NOT know is how many candidates will apply for the position and which one will be the lucky one to get it, but we DO know what it takes to create a great resume for a neurosurgeon and boost the chances maximally to stand among the competition.That’s why we shall recap the most prominent rules and serve them to you as an ultimate list of excellent tips and tricks to polish your CV before you hit the “submit” button.First of all, the length of your resume is the thing that first grabs the reader’s attention, so optimize it.What we mean is you shouldn’t create an excessively lengthy resume, but it shouldn’t be as modest as a three-sentence document.One page is ideal, two is maximum if there’s so much precious experience you want to share.Then, make sure your resume has no grammar errors, typos. We know that applying for a job is a stressful procedure, and the chances to make some mistakes of this sort are quite big, so don’t hesitate to have it proofr ead by a professional.Finally, don’t be afraid to make it look more reader-friendly by implementing the versatility of formatting options.There are tons of them, bullet points, highlights, adequate fonts, bolding, italics, etc. Even these basic options are more than enough to make your neurosurgeon resume look well-optimized and easy to skim.Of course, don’t exaggerate and make your CV look like a bunch of colors and dots scattered all around, because the effect will be the opposite. Balance is the most important here, and these options work the best if used in the right place.Let’s say this is the final checklist, but there are more details you should pay attention to before you send your resume to the employers.Review the entire document once again. Sometimes while in a hurry to send our resumes, we fail to articulate things well, and we realize we made some sloppy mistakes only after submitting it.So, read it aloud, it’s the best way to check how it sounds and if there ar e some points to be corrected.You can also ask a friend of yours for a second opinion. Two heads are always better than one. If you already have some CV which you usually submit, make sure it meets the requirements of the specific position.Personalize it based on what the job ad requires a candidate to have and you will leave a positive impression on the recruiters.And last but not the least important, make sure you have the document saved in various formats. The most commonly used is PDF, but just in case, you can also save it as TXT. Having a physical copy of it is a good idea as well.FINAL THOUGHTSAs you can see, learning how to ace your neurosurgeon resume is a no-brainer! If you are already capable of doing complex operations that are an inevitable part of your highly-demanding profession, creating a great CV shouldn’t be much of a problem.The final token of appreciation from us comes in the form of a handy resume template builder.Motivated by the idea to help people create a fantastic resume and increase the chances to score the ideal job, we came up with practical solutions, so give it a try.It allows you to add or include whichever section you want, and tailor your CV precisely according to the requirements.Thank you for being with us through our comprehensive guide on how to write a resume for the neurosurgeon.You know that we cannot guarantee that you will get the job, but what we can guarantee is that if you follow these instructions, the likelihood of getting the desired job is at its maximum level.Now that you have all the necessary knowledge on how to arrange your skillset, education, and experience in the best way and what to stress out in each of the sections, make that resume shine.Have the best of luck in finding the ideal job! Create your own resume

Pros and Cons of Online Education

When you were a high school student, you were most probably pondering over the idea of becoming a member of college community. More than likely, you were thinking about professors, huge lecture halls and campus as well. Nonetheless, nowadays it seems like the whole educational field is moving forward up to the web-based system. Do we really need to place much stock in the cyber space? Is technology-based education really what we all are in need of? And why is it developing so fast? Learning on the web actually provides a wide range of advantages, according to the experts. First of all, the thing is about the convenience and flexibility of the online learning. It is a great opportunity for the students, who have to balance work and studying. Students, who work part-time, have no opportunity to take regular classes because of a pretty tough schedule. By means of online education they can take all required courses even from the other country. Besides, online education is a real chance for the introverts! The point is that in online environment these people have an opportunity to participate in various events to get the experience that is very rich and deep. They have a chance to collect their thoughts, think over every word they are going to say, perform a thorough research before posting certain comments, unlike when asked to take part in a real classroom, while interacting with their classmates. This way they won’t have to face usual inconveniences, connected with offline communication. Yet, there are certain disadvantages of online learning. First of all, it requires you to be highly concentrated, self-disciplined and motivated to properly manage the time. There are no professors looking from behind of your shoulder – you are the boss! And though it sounds awesome, you might find out that you have troubles with self-control. To add more, online learning requires more writing and reading than actual college classes for the reason that all assignments, lectures from the classmates and tutors are usually presented in a written form. Some of the experts tend to believe that online colleges do not encourage students to learn. Plus, online learning is not suitable for all disciplines and, what is more, it does not give an opportunity to build up strong relationships with the college professors, who, in turn, have to evaluate students’ knowledge only on the basis of cyber communication. On the other hand, according to the US Department of Education, on average, college students who study on the web, perform better than their â€Å"colleagues† educated in a traditional way. Besides, students who take a hybrid course combining traditional education with online instructions are actually making it better in the process. In general, experts tend to believe that there is no sense to change the whole system of education for it will definitely be a mistake to write off online studying. Without a doubt, the future learning won’t be 100% online, but, at the same time, this sphere of education will continue to grow!

Consumer Good Industry

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2577 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Unfortunately the so-called Fast Moving Consumer Good industry, no more seems to be moving fast. In the 1990s, the industry witnessed an unprecedented boom due to liberalisation, urbanisation, increase in disposable income and altered lifestyles. The boom was also fuelled by other factors like onslaught of satellite television, reduction of excise duties and de-reservation from the small-scale sector. The boom however started fizzling in the second half of 2000. As can be seen from Exhibit 1, the quarterly retail sales growth for the industry has been in the negative territory since the third quarter of 2001. In the current year after showing signs of recovery in the month of June and July, the retail sales again slipped to 1.6% in Aug 02. Out of top 20 categories, 14 have recorded negative volume growth ranging from 2% to 15% in Aug 02. Volume sales growth in large categories like soaps, tea, detergents and toothpaste remained negative. However, some other categories like chocolate, biscuit and shampoos showed good growth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Good Industry | Economics Dissertations" essay for you Create order India has a huge population of over 1 bn. However, it would be misleading to judge the size of the Indian market for FMCG products by just looking at the population size. A closer look at the age, geographical, occupational and income profile will help us get a better picture of the Indian consumer market. Indian Consumer Market Indias age distribution of population is skewed towards younger age group, which augurs well for the countrys burgeoning consumer market. Around 54% of Indias population are below 24 years. Though this percentage is expected to reduce in future, it is still estimated to remain at a high of 47% by 2013. Though the age group is skewed in favour of the consumer good market, the purchasing power of the average Indian population is quite low. Indias per capita income is around US$ 460, which compares very poorly not only with developed countries but also with other developing countries. China has a per capita income of US$ 840, while countries like Thailand and Malaysia have even better per capita income of US$ 2,010 and US$ 3,380 respectively. With around 65% of the countrys total workforce dependent on agriculture, the occupational profile of the country is skewed. This explains the high dependence of the FMCG sector on rural sales. Around 40% sales of the FMCG sector comes from the rural area. As the agriculture sector in India is highly dependent on monsoon, the FMCG sector also gets indirectly exposed to the vagaries of nature. The high dependence of the FMCG sector on agriculture also exposes it to the other structural problems facing the latter, like poor rural infrastructure, small landholdings, long chain of intermediaries etc. Though the country has been witnessing increasing urbanisation, with the percentage of urban to total population going up to 33.4% in 2001 from 25.7% in 1991. The percentage of rural population is still very high. Moreover, even in the rural area, around 81% of the rural population are concentrated in villages having population below 5000. Hence one can say that the geographical profile of the country poses distribution challenge for the consumer good industry. Characteristics of the Industry Few FMCG categories have reached saturation level The 1990s boom in FMCG industry was mainly led by rapid growth in rural penetration of low priced products. The spread of satellite television coupled by companies like Nirma and HLLs rural penetration drive led to a marked improvement in rural penetration of the FMCG products. However, the rural penetration seems to have stagnated in the past couple of years, especially in the case of necessity product categories. In fact, categories such as toilet soaps, detergents, tea have reached high penetration levels in both rural as well as urban areas and it would be difficult to increase the penetration further (Exhibit 2). Exhibit 2 Dealer Penetration (%) Urban Rural Segments 1997 1999 2001e 1997 1999 2001e Necessity 90 95 97 97 97 97 Emerging 88 95 97 79 88 92 Lifestyle 66 74 80 25 32 40 Source: ORG-MARG; Industry Estimates Another point that emerges from the penetration numbers is that while the FMCG companies have successfully tapped the high-income group, they now need to target the lower income group (Exhibit 3). For a category like shampoo, in urban India the penetration level is at a high of 88% for the top 4% of the income group, while it is 23% for the lowest 10% of the Income group. Similar penetration level gap is witnessed in the rural areas also. Exhibit 3 Penetration Levels by Income Groups Urban India Shampoo Toothpaste Top 4% 88 86 Next 4% 82 86 Next 13% 76 93 Next 22% 63 86 Next 22% 50 74 Next 25% 37 54 Lowest 10% 23 32 All Income Groups 54 72 Rural India Shampoo Toothpaste Top 1% 71 86 Next 3% 60 80 Next 9% 48 67 Next 15% 34 50 Next 38% 22 31 Lowest 34% 14 17 All Income Groups 25 34 Source: ORG-MARG Whatever the penetration level, the Indian consumers still offer tremendous growth potential because of their low per capita consumption (Exhibit 4). For a category like toothpaste, the per capita consumption in India is 40 ml as against 299 ml in USA and 358 ml in Brazil. Exhibit 4 Per Capita Consumption India Brazil USA Personal Wash (kg) 0.5 1.1 2 Fabric Wash (Kg) 2.6 7.2 13 Toothpaste (ml) 40 358 299 Shampoo (ml) 16 444 1018 Source: Industry Rise of lifestyle and convenience products While the necessity product categories have matured and are facing challenges on the growth front, lifestyle and convenience products offer tremendous growth potential to the Indian consumer goods industry. The food segment, which is still at a very nascent stage in India, is a good example of rising consumer demand for convenience products because of changing life style. Industry data shows that categories like noodles, jam, ketchup, fruit juice and other packaged ready to eat food are growing with leaps and bounds. Cosmetics, women-healthcare, mosquito repellent, scourers are some of the other categories in the FMCG industry, which are showing good growth potential. Freebies have become a constant feature Increasing competition in the industry has restricted the ability of the players to raise price frequently. For instance, late last year, HLL had increased the prices of shampoos significantly higher than competition. As a result, by the second half of the current year, the company had lost 450 basis point of market share in this segment. In fact with increasing competition, many categories like detergents and toilet soaps have started to follow commodity economies. As a result the industry players are resorting to freebies and discounts to garner larger market share. Another method being adopted by players to increase sales is the introduction of smaller size units at lower price points. Following the tremendous success of shampoos in sachet packs, now we have many other products like chocolates, hair oil, and detergent in smaller packs. Imports not a major threat for the industry India removed the quantitative restriction on 714 items in 2000 and the remaining 715 items in 2001. With the removal of quantitative restrictions, imported consumer good products are now easily available in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore. However, the percentage of imports is still very low and does not pose an immediate threat to the industry. Reduction in Indirect Taxes In the past 10 years, the excise duty rates in India have declined from the level of 40-50% to 16% for most categories. The decrease in consumer good prices as a result of reduction in excise duties was one of the factors responsible for the rapid growth witnessed by the industry in 1990s. The total indirect rates on FMCG goods in India now range between 25-35%, which is similar to or higher than most countries in Europe and the US. Though, reduction in indirect taxes will help raise growth rates, the chances of further dramatic reduction in excise duties are low. Problems facing the industry Economic Slowdown The FMCG industry has been hit by the slowdown in the economy in the recent past. Slowdown in the economy not only dents the purchasing power of the consumers, it also influences the consumer sentiments leading to lower spending. The consumer sentiments have also been affected by the current global slowdown. The economic numbers released in the current fiscal, be it GDP, exports, IIP, credit offtake, are definitely showing signs of revival in the Indian economy. However, the extent of recovery cannot be ascertained completely as the impact of drought is still to be reflected in the economic numbers being released. Downtrading Another problem facing the FMCG industry is downtrading by consumers. Premium brands are losing out to the mass-market brands as consumers are showing preference for value for money products. For example, in 2001, HLLs premium soap brand Lux showed a yoy dip of 12.3%, while its mass-market brand Breeze showed a healthy growth of 12.4%. Downtrading is most evident in categories like soaps, detergents and toothpaste. Spurious Products Counterfeit products masquerading as some of the countrys top selling products is significantly eating into the revenues of the industry. Popular brands across product categories are losing between 10% to 30% of their business to fakes. An AC Neilson survey estimated the annual loss to the FMCG industry from spurious products, at Rs 26 bn and to the Government (in the form of unpaid taxes) at Rs 9 bn. An ORG survey of 12,500 retail stores completed in Jan 02 found the counterfeit market to be 5-15% of the annual sales of Rs 600 bn for the FMCG industry. Thats between Rs 30 bn and Rs 90 bn a year. Change in urban consumption pattern The FMCG industry has also been affected by changing urban consumption pattern in favour of consumer-durables vis--vis non-durables. The increasing expenditure on consumer-durables could be attributed to the easy financing facilities available. Moreover, with changing lifestyle and increasing aspirations, the proportion of spending on healthcare, education, transportation and communication is increasing, which is also eating into the share of consumer non-durables. High Advertising Budget The competitive pressure in the industry has hiked the advertising budget. However, with the increase in the number of television channels, the money spent on advertising by the FMCG companies does not go as far as it used to earlier. Brand loyalty has been wavering with increasing options being available to the consumers. Segment wise growth Personal Wash The personal wash segment valued at around Rs 40 bn has not been performing well. The segment witnessed a yoy dip of around 12% in Aug 02. The poor performance of the category can be attributed to high penetration level leading to lower scope of increasing growth through further increase in penetration. The category is also witnessing increasing downtrading, with the popular segment eating into the share of the premium segment. However, industry players are trying to capture the niche consumers by introducing value-added products like shower gels, etc. HLL, with brands like Lux, Lifebuoy, Breeze, and Rexona leads the market with a share of around 60%. Some of the other players in the market are Nirma, Godrej Consumers and Reckitt Colman. Fabric Wash With increasing competition, the fabric was category valued at Rs 45 bn has started to behave like a commodity. The popular segment account for around 85% of the total detergent market. Nirma is the leader in the popular segment, while HLL (Surf, Wheel) is the leader in the premium segment. Some of the other players in the market are PG (Ariel, Gain, Tide) and Henkel Spic (Henko). Oral Care The sales volume in the oral care category continued to fall, with Aug 02 recording a yoy dip of around 8%. However, the segment valued at Rs 20 bn has tremendous potential to grow because of the low per capita consumption of this category. In India the per capita consumption of toothpaste is 40 ml as against 299 ml in US and even higher 358 ml in Brazil. Colgate is the leader in the segment, with roughly 50% share of the market, followed by HLL with a share of around 36%. The players in the segment have very little pricing power because of limited scope of product differentiation Skin Care This category has products like cream, talcum powder, moisturisers and lotions under its umbrella. Fairness Cream valued at around Rs 9.3 bn is the largest product in this category. HLL dominates the segment with 53% share in fairness cream and 65.2% share in talcum powder. In contrast to some of the other FMCG categories like soaps, detergents and oral care, brand loyalty is quite strong in the skin care category. Household Care The category with products like mosquito repellent, scourers and floor cleaners is valued at around Rs 18 bn. Mosquito repellent valued at roughly Rs 6 bn is among the fastest growing product in this category. Godrej Sara Lee with brand Goodnight is the leader in the mosquito repellent segment, while HLLs Vim in the major player in the dishwasher segment. In the floor cleaner segment, phenol with attractive pricing is much ahead of branded products like Lisol of Reckitt Colman and Domex of HLL. Food Products The food products industry currently has low penetration. However, the industry promises very good growth potential because of the changing lifestyle in urban India. The category includes sub-categories like processed fruits and vegetables, dairy, branded staples, bakery, ready to eat packaged food etc. India is among the worlds largest producers of many food items, however, only about 1.8-2% of the countrys fruits and vegetables are processed compared to 60-70% in countries like the US and UK. This is because of poor storage, refrigeration, and transportation facilities in the country. As far as the branded staple market is concerned, it is currently dominated by the unorganized sector. However, it also has the presence of FMCG giant, HLL. The price sensitive nature of the Indian markets makes most of the mass market basic staples food category business a low margin business, however high volumes are expected to make up for the low margins. The Indian Dairy industry is dominated by the co-operative sector, with National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), a clear market leader. NDDBs major brand, Amul is the market leader in the branded cheese, butter and margarine segments. Some of the other players in the segment are Britannia and Nestle. As the bakery industry was reserved for small-scale sector till last year, the unorganised sector contributes around 60% to the total sales. The biscuit segment has been showing good performance, with a yoy growth of around 17% in Aug 02 as against a dip of around 4% in Aug 01. Britannia and Parle are the two main players in the category. Chocolate Confectionery The chocolate market is showing significant improvement in sales trend. The segment has grown by 18% (yoy) in Aug 02 as against a negative growth in Aug 01. The healthy performance of the category could be partially attributed to lower exposure to the rural slowdown. The strategy of the two main players, Cadbury and Nestle of introducing products in smaller packs to propel growth has been very successful. However, the confectionery market, which is around eight times the size of the chocolate market in terms of volume has not been doing well. This is because of the hike in excise duty from 8% to 16%, which has made it difficult for companies to promote their products economically as most of these are sold at fixed price points of Re 1 and 50 paise. Tea Indian tea industry is currently going through a phase of recession. The players in the category are facing margin squeeze as well as realisation lower than the marginal cost. The main factors responsible for the poor show are lower auction prices, increasing wage cost and consumer downtrading. Export is also being hit by lower focus on quality and increasing competition from countries like Sri Lanka and Kenya. Packaged tea contributes only around 35% to the total tea market, while the rest comes from loose tea. HLL is the leader in the packaged tea category with a share of 35.3% followed by Tata Tea that has a share of around 18.8%.