Research Article Essay

Summarizing a Research Article Research articles use a standard format to clearly communicate information about an experiment. A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References. Sometimes there are minor variations, such as a combined ‘Results’ and ‘Discussion’ section, or an overall General Discussion section in which multiple experiments are presented in one article. Reading the Article Allow enough time. Allot at least half the time that you spend on this assignment to reading and understanding the article. Before you can write about the research, you have to understand it. This takes more time than most students realize. Does the author’s study make sense to you in lay terms (could you explain the study to your roommate)? When you can clearly explain the study in your own words, then you are ready to write about it. Here’s how to proceed. Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish, you’ll get bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of APA format to find the main points. Briefly look at each section to identify: †¢ the research question and reason for the study (stated in the Introduction) the hypothesis or hypotheses tested (Introduction) how the hypothesis was tested (Method) the findings (Results, including tables and figures) how the findings were interpreted (Discussion) Underline key sentences or write the key point (e. g. , hypothesis, design) of each paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to identify the main points, you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it contains highly condensed information. Read for depth, read interactively. After you have highlighted the main points, read each section several times. As you read, ask yourself these questions: †¢ How does the design of the study address the question posed? What are the controls for each experiment? How convincing are the results? Are any of the results surprising? What does this study contribute toward answering the original question? What aspects of the original question remain unanswered? Plagiarism. Plagiarism is always a risk when summarizing someone else’s work. To avoid it: †¢ Take notes in your own words. Avoid writing complete sentences when note-taking. Summarize points in your own words. If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language and making only minor changes to the wording, then you probably don’t understand the study. Writing the Summary Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to give the reader a brief, structured overview of the study. To write a good summary, identify what information is important and condense that information for your reader. The better you understand a subject, the easier it is to explain it thoroughly and briefly. Write a first draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. The number of suggested sentences given in parentheses below is only a rough guideline for the relative length of each section. Adjust the length accordingly depending on the content of your particular article. †¢ State the research question and explain why it is interesting (1 sentence). †¢ State the hypothesis/hypotheses tested (1 sentence). †¢ Briefly describe the methods (design, participants, materials, procedure, what was manipulated [independent variables], what was measured [dependent variables], how data were analyzed (13 sentences). Describe the results. What differences were significant? (1-3 sentences). †¢ Explain the key implications of the results. Avoid overstating the importance of the findings (1 sentence). †¢ The results, and the interpretation of the results, should relate directly to the hypothesis. For the first draft, focus on content, not length (it will probably be too long). Condense later as needed. Try writing about the hypotheses, methods and results first, then about the introduction and discussion last. If you have trouble on one section, leave it for a while and try another. Edit for completeness and accuracy. Add information for completeness where necessary. More commonly, if you understand the article, you will need to cut redundant or less important information. Stay focused on the research question, be concise, and avoid generalities. The Methods summary is often the most difficult part to edit. See the questions under ‘Reading interactively’ to help you decide what is important to include. Edit for style. Write to an intelligent, interested, naive, and slightly lazy audience (e. g. yourself, your classmates). Expect your readers to be interested, but don’t make them struggle to understand you. Include all the important details; don’t assume that they are already understood. †¢ Eliminate wordiness, including most adverbs (â€Å"very†, â€Å"clearly†). â€Å"The results clearly showed that there was no difference between the groups† can be shortened to â€Å"There was no significant difference betw een the groups†. †¢ Use specific, concrete language. Use precise language and cite specific examples to support assertions. Avoid vague references (e. g. â€Å"this illustrates† should be â€Å"this result illustrates†). †¢ Use scientifically accurate language. For example, you cannot â€Å"prove† hypotheses (especially with just one study). You â€Å"support† or â€Å"fail to find support for† them. †¢ Rely primarily on paraphrasing, not direct quotes. Direct quotes are seldom used in scientific writing. Instead, paraphrase what you have read. To give due credit for information that you paraphrase, cite the author’s last name and the year of the study. †¢ Re-read what you have written.

How Does Australias Landscape Depicted in Poetry Essay

Australia is a land of great contrast and diversity, its physical landscape is one of many of its great features, and its diversity is very broad. The poem My Country by Dorothea Mackellar greatly relates to the beauty and size of the Australian landscape. The poems Alcohol by Peter Goldsworthy and Metho-Drinker by Judith Wright relate to the Australia’s attitudes towards the misuse of drugs and alcohol in modern Australian society. These issues are also shown a lot in the movie ‘Beneath Clouds’, directed by Ivan Sen. The poem ‘My country’ describes Australia’s landscape with great extent and shows the author loves for this land using many examples. In this poem the author tries to bring Australia to its simplest form, the use of poetic techniques such as metaphors and similes, or the use of personification. ‘I love her jewel sea’, this metaphor gives the effect of preciousness and shows how special Australia really is to her (Dorothea Mackellar). Another example is the quote ‘the pityless blue sky’, which is personification and gives the blue sky an attitude towards the land beneath them, and of cause it’s referring to Australia’s drought. The land of the rainbow gold†, the author is describing her view of Australia, her love for the country. Another example of how ‘My Country’ depicts the Australian landscape is using alliteration, ‘for flood and fire and famine’, these are all common natural disasters, showing the complexity of the country, the good and bad side. â€Å"All you who have not loved her, you will not understand†, this quote is the author saying that no one will understand her love for the country. Alcohol is a poem that is about the problem of alcohol in society, it is written in a first person form and shows the thoughts of a youth boy using alcohol. The poem is appeals on an emotional level, as it describes the joy of alcohol for teenagers. The quote â€Å"Surf’s up, I said at school. My drinking friends came round†. This quote from the poem really shows the boy’s initial attitude towards alcohol, he is looking back and reflecting his times as a teenage boy. This quote relates to Australia’s diversity as underage drinking is a known problem in today’s society. â€Å"Why such simple stuff work magic in the mind†, this quote gives a good idea of the teenage boy’s perspective of alcohol at the time, he also refers to it as â€Å"a rain hat fell from heaven†, and also â€Å"proof of god†, these references show his love and reliance on alcohol. The poem relates to Australian society very greatly, it shows the perspective of many teenagers in modern society, also it shows how innocent alcohol can look, but still carry the long term effects if abused. Metho Drinker is a poe m about a man that is hopeless and near death due to the misuse of alcohol and methylated spirits. Methylated spirits are often a used drug in Australian society today. Unfortunately 73% of users are aboriginal, and 60% of that are in outback Australia. It is a big problem in today’s society. â€Å"Under the death of winters leaves†, this quote is the first line in the poem, it initially creates miserable visual imagery and sets a sad mood. â€Å"O take from me the weight and waterfall ceaseless time that batters down my weakness; the knives of light†. This quote is describing the man’s view on his life, ‘O take from me the weight’, he is saying take me from this life of hopelessness. He describes the daytime as ‘the knives of light’, he is saying this because the light shows who he has really become. His white and burning girl, his woman of fire, creeps to his heart and sets a candle there†. The quote is referring to methylated spirits being his ‘woman of fire’, a woman generally being a man’s wife and most important thing to them. Also the author uses personification by referring to the ‘metho’ as ‘his white and burning girl’. â€Å"To melt away the flesh that hides from bone, to eat the nerve that tethers him in time†. Now the author is creating a gruesome atmosphere using visual imagery, it is describing the effects of the ‘metho’ on the homeless man. It was for death he took her; death is but this; and yet he is uneasy under her kiss and winces from that acid of her desire†. This quote is the final three lines of the poem, it is describing the man’s attitude towards his problems, and he drank the ‘metho’ in order to take his own life. This poem relates to Australia quite a lot, it shows the perspective of drug addicts, homeless people and alcoholics. There are a lot of problems in Australia regarding unemployment and housing, this creates a very unstable lifestyle for a lot of Australians causing them to lose their homes, family and friends. The movie ‘Beneath Clouds’, directed by Ivan Sen is about two young aboriginal teenagers searching for a better life. Lena, a light-skinned daughter of an Aboriginal mother and Irish father and Vaughn, an aboriginal boy in minimum security prison in North West NSW. Striking events throw them together on a journey with no money and no transport. To Lena, Vaughn represents the life she is running away from. To Vaughn, Lena represents the society that has rejected him. And for a short amount of time they experience happiness together. The movie is set in the outback of New South Wales, showing a very broad landscape background for 70 percent of the movie. It is set like this to show the ‘emptiness’ of the town, and to show how far away general society is. Lena is running away from her family because of the implications that alcohol had on her family. Before she run’s away she looks at a photo of how her family used to be, but previously see the mother drinking and abusing her, and the son getting taken away by the police. Alcohol were being drank by both the mother and father, with empty beer bottles over the house, this showing the abuse of alcohol in that household. Vaughn is a 19 year old aboriginal boy who escapes jail and somehow ends up running away with Lena. During the journey we see a lot of racism, shown evident in three scenes. The woman driving on the road, about to pick Lena up, then see’s Vaughn and drives straight off, the policemen’s attitude towards the aboriginal man’s car and also when Vaughn walks in to the bar, the men’s suddenly find Vaughn suspicious as soon as they see him. This racism is a pure example of Australia and its different perspectives. Australia is a place of6 great diversity and contrast, the poems Alcohol by Peter Goldsworthy, Metho Drinker by Judith Wright and My Country by Dorothea Mackellar prove this in many ways. They show the great beauty of Australia’s landscape, and explore the different problems of Australian society misusing drugs and alcohol. This is also shown in the movie ‘Beneath Clouds’, directed by Ivan Sen.

Competing Visions Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competing Visions Paper 2 - Essay Example If Keene and O’Donnell’s argument are to be used in running the state, the state becomes an agent of oppression that perpetuate the interest of those who have over those who do not have. The state no longer becomes an instrument of justice but rather an institution of oppression that rules with tyranny. Such is not the function of the government. Government is supposed to rule everybody and everybody should have a stake and say in the government and not only those who have properties. Keene and O’Donnell’s argument are also impractical. Suppose for the sake of argument that we will only let those who bear the burden of the state to have a say in it. What are going to do with those who do not have property? Are we just going to ignore them? Marginalize them? They happen to consist a very significant portion of society. We all know today that if we marginalize a certain sector of society that they will eventually resent it. Thus, an unjust society as proposed by Keene and O’Donnell will just create a social volcano and make the society combustible as it breeds dissent among those who do not have a say. Eventually, a revolution or uprising will happen just like in any other society in history where the people eventually revolted against an oppressive state and the powers that be, including those who are privileged, are either deposed or harmed. Such policy also further the gaps between those who are propertied and those who are not. In the long run, society will no longer be sustainable because it does not seek to empower others to become propertied also that they may be able to share the burden of the state. In this kind of society that Keene and O’Donnell proposes, people’s station are static. Meaning, if you are poor, you will be poor all your life without any chance of improving your lot. So your kind multiplies while those who are propertied become greatly outnumbered. Until it becomes a point that those who

Responce lettr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responce lettr - Essay Example Therefore, the meaning family tends to be on an individual basis because each individual could be living in a unique household. The increase in divorce rates is relatively alarming and the changes in sexual preferences have influenced families to adopt different family structures across many of the civilized nations. The implication of this is that this concept is not a unique challenge because the occurrence of broken families applies in mostdeveloping and developed societies. However, parents have the responsibility of helping their children to understand that these challenges exist rather than leaving them to suffer because of the sour relationship that may exist between them and their estranged spouses. In this case, this response letter will seek to explain how best individuals can express themselves without harming the feelings of other family members using the Johari window of disclosure. Further, it will also focus on the ways of easing dialect tension that may exist between family members using the dialect tension theory and the possible ways of communicating with them in order to avoid such tensions in the future. 1. Self-disclosure As per this scenario, the advancements made in technology such as social media helped in establishing a relationship with a sibling from the father that abandoned his family years back.The challenge here is that how does one remain loyal to the family that provides them with shelter and the other necessities of life andalsoseek to establish a bond with siblings from the other parent without hurting their feelings. One feels as though they have the obligation to lay out the facts straight before both parties, but this has a high likelihood that one of the parties might be hurt in this process (Rotenberg, 2006). Essentially, this can be challenging to the self-disclosure aspect in which one feels that developing a relationship with a family that their parents do not approve of makes them disloyal and ungrateful. Self-disclos ure is the most advisable way of handling such a situation as compared to lying, secrecy, or making hints that may suggest disloyalty to family. However, no options for maintaining a healthy relationship between family members are without consequences, but the outcome has not been as severe in the event that one comes out clean about the situation. In this case, an individual seeks to know the other family members that they share a lineage with the mistakes committed in the past are hindering the prosperity of this newfound relationship. However, the secret conversations that began without intending any harm could have been the beginning of this stalemate, but this does not mean that anyone is to blame for this situation. In this case, the mother and the stepbrother appear to be of importance, but the question that begsis to what extent. There is also the opportunity to know the stepbrotherbetter and develop a lasting relationship or maintaining the good mother-child relationship th at has existed for a much longer time. In order to establish whether the self-disclosure process is worth the risk, it is pertinent to ascertain whether it is substantive to do so or whether it is worth the risk. On the contrary, the execution ofself-disclosure should be with caution especially on the sibling met via Facebook because their personality is still a mystery. The Johari Window model of self-disclosure 1. Open/ free

Labor and Employee Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor and Employee Relations - Assignment Example The management would want to cut down on the perks of the employees. However the solution lies in proper agreement and then negotiating that is beneficial for both the parties involved. The International Labor Organization defines a company union as "A union limited to a single company which dominates or strongly influences it, thereby limiting its influence" [2]. The unions generally have a leader who negotiates with the company. As the supervisor of the manufacturing plant, I have the responsibility of coming to terms with the union. The first step would be to communicate to the union leader that the contract needs renewal and a formal meeting would be scheduled. In this meeting, I would present my points from the managerial point of view and the union leader would bring up the demands and worries of the employees. This initial phase gives the general idea about the extent to which the employees feel about the deal. The previous contract would be amended and points and issues would be added. Thereon several meetings will be held between me and the union leader to negotiate even further and to decide which party can compromise of which issue. A finalized version o f the contract will be rotated amidst the employees who will sign it to bind them to the contract for a certain period as agreed. It is true that the emp... Because of this we allow unions to form and negotiate the concerns of the employees so that they are happy and eventually make us happy. Part Two - You are attending a lunch and learn session on stress reduction in the workplace. In order to prepare yourself for this meeting, write a paragraph explaining how you would reduce stress at work. Write another 1-2 paragraphs indicating why you believe this approach would be successful. Pressure is part of the work and it helps to keep the employees motivated. But excessive pressure can lead to stress, which undermines performance, is costly to employers and can make people ill. Pressure and stress at work is just like any problem for the organization. If dealt in a problem solving method, it would certainly go away. The problem solving approach is outlined in these steps. 1) Identify the problem, not just the symptoms 2) Create solutions as to how stress can be reduced 3) Evaluate and analyze all the solutions to find which is the best 4) Implement the solution which will have maximum impact 5) Check if the problem is solved The problem here is not stress, rather stress is the symptom. There can be many problems because of which a person can become stressful. The need to identify the problem cannot be emphasized more. If a person thinks that stress is the problem, then he would try to reduce stress by taking tension relieving drugs, or starting smoking. Compared to a person who correctively identifies the problem as 'too much work load', he will try to talk to his boss to reduce the load. This five step approach is a tried and tested methodology to every problem but it needs to be worked out

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 13

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Business Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Report - Research Paper Example Harvey Norman barely survived with impending lawsuits and losses experienced from giving out very high discounts to attract customers. The Reject Shop on the other hand posted a good increase in profits and sales in that year. The company opened 18 new stores in that year and was able to repay much of its debts (Roth, 2013). The Reject Shop can sustain a downturn in the economy because its average unit price is A$9.00 (in 2011). As of today, the unit price is A$10.04. Even if the domestic market failed, The Reject Shop would probably survive (Greenblat, 2011). In an attempt to avoid losses and survive in the industry, the Harvey Norman Holdings Limited misled their customers by false advertisements. The federal court hit the company with a $1.25 million fine. The judge ruled in favor of the Australian Competition and Consumer commission saying that the company deliberately and blatantly disregarded the truth while conducting a calculated and misleading campaign (Appliance Retailer, 2012, p.4). The Reject Shop has not been involved in such bad publicity. When the industry domestic market was low in 2012, The Reject Shop suffered some loss like all the other retail companies but did not do illegal stuff to make more money. Metrics is the first thing looked at with any investment. The Reject Shop has a return on equity of more than 40 per cent for every year in its corporate life (Greenblat, 2011). Its debt is little or none existent and it is maintaining its return on equity despite its equity growing. This means that The Reject Shop is a good investment. The return on equity combined with little or no debt signals that the company has a strong competitive advantage. Moreover, a poll showed that 90 per cent of consumers knew about The Reject Shop. This means that the market’s place strong position and the brand awareness support the return in equity. In the recent years, its equity has risen threefold while its profits have

Bulding a Second Runway at Gatwick Airport Assignment

Bulding a Second Runway at Gatwick Airport - Assignment Example Considering an increase in average aircraft size, the Airport Management predicts that approximately 40million passengers will be handled by the year 2015 86% of whom would start or end their journeys at Gatwick. Such an action will be associated with a number of benefits and costs. The benefits include creation of jobs. According to the Gatwick Airport Management, workers at the airport will benefit from an extra income of 7million a week. In addition, it is anticipated that 27,300 jobs will be created at Gatwick in 2015. The noise from Aircrafts as well as the emission of Nitrogen oxide is a cause for concern. In addition, the operation of the airport itself has a range of environmental impacts over and above those of the aircraft that use it. A second runway at Gatwick is therefore characterised by a number of costs and benefits. According to Friends of the Earth (2003) government's intention to build more airports, terminals and runways, is likely to have a disastrous effect on the world's climate. One of the main causes of climate change is Carbon dioxide pollution and aviation is one of the fastest growing sources. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). ... 1.1.2 Objectives and Hypothesis of Work Considering that a second runway has both opportunities and threats and well as costs and benefits, the objectives and hypothesis of this paper are defined within the following. The main objective of this paper will be to evaluate and analysed the problems being faced by the Gatwick Airport by operating on a single runway. In addition, the paper will analyse and find out whether a second runway at Gatwick is worth the trouble. The paper finally looks into the consequences should the government fails to construct a second runway 2.0 Summary of Literature According to Friends of the Earth (2003) government's intention to build more airports, terminals and runways, is likely to have a disastrous effect on the world's climate. One of the main causes of climate change is Carbon dioxide pollution and aviation is one of the fastest growing sources. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). According to another report by Friends of the Earth titled "Aviation and Global Climate Change", Air travel emissions are already responsible for 3.5 per cent of man-made climate change and if the industry continues to grow at its current rate it will go up to 15 per cent by 2050. (http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/aviation_climate_change.pdf). In June 2003 the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) wrote to the Government and noted that "even with the most conservative figures for growth in air travel, by 2020 aviation will be contributing 10 per cent of the UK's carbon dioxide emissions. (Friends of the Earth, 2003). In another research conducted by Friends of the Earth (FOE), it was postulated that, research, based on the Government's own data, shows how the present

Homework Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework - Case Study Example In contrast, bottom up planning relies on administrators to provide the guidelines to manage projects. When both planning styles are compared, top down planning is far more efficient as a security mechanism. Top down planning ensures interdepartmental coordination, allocation of adequate resources as well as support from the all the required ends. 3. The SecSDLC deals risk management better compared to the SDLC. It relies largely on precise risk and threat measurement along with the execution of specific controls to deal with such problems through active risk management. In contrast, SDLC relies on generalized information system design and implementation in any organization. 4. Anything that provides an unvarying danger to an asset can be classified as a threat. Threats are further categorized as human actions that result in malfunction, intentional harm, intentional disruption and wreckage, purposeful software assault, negative variances in quality provision from service providers, technical let downs in software, downbeat actions in intellectual property domains, purposeful information extortion, intentional theft, force majeure, technical let downs in hardware and outdated technology. The CSI security study is one of the most comprehensive reviews regarding cyber security. The survey is carried out independently and the report is adopted in a similar manner. The key economic impacts of cyber crime are looked into including estimated damages. For the year 2010-11, the CSI report outlines a number of key areas for security failures. These were: The measurement for the current survey took place between July 2009 and June 2010 and consisted on responses from 351 information technology and information security personnel from various fields across the United

The Big Decision Essay Example for Free

The Big Decision Essay An accountant is expected to be both an accountant and a professional. An accountant should follow general professional obligations. After the incidents involving Arthur Anderson, Enron, and WorldCom, the role of a professional accountant was changed. Brooks (2007) stated, â€Å"Professional accountants owe their primary loyalty to the public interest, not just to their own financial interests, company directors or management, or current shareholders at the expense of future shareholders. † (Chap. 1, p. 22). Decisions made by executives should reflect their corporation’s ethical values. In knowing this information, the case of Daniel Potter and his employer Baker Greenleaf raises some concern. I will address the dilemmas of the case, the stakeholders involved, and the course of action that Daniel Potter should take. (Brooks, 2007) Baker Greenleaf is a large accounting firm. Actually, they are one of the Big Eight accounting firms. Daniel Potter was a recent graduate of an Ivy League school before working for Baker Greenleaf. He understood the values and work ethics that he should follow. There came a time when he was assigned an account which was not new to Baker Greenleaf. The account was very important. In the past, Baker Greenleaf shared the account with another Big Eight accounting firm. Baker felt that they should be the only accounting firm that serviced that long-standing account. In order to achieve this, they believed that they needed to deliver a satisfactory performance in their auditing services with the company. After Dan completed the audit, he discovered concerns in which he could not solve. Dan’s estimate and the balance sheet value of real estate property resulted in a difference of opinion which significantly affected the income statement by more than three percent. Dan’s first reaction was to include a subject –to-opinion proviso, which included his findings, along with his report. His supervisor disagreed with his actions and wanted Dan to issue a clean opinion. At the end of the day, Dan’s supervisor removed Dan’s investigation from the files and replaced it with a clean opinion. He also delivered a negative evaluation of Dan’s performance on the audit. The dilemma in this case is that Dan was undecided as to the course of action he should take regarding his analysis that was replaced with his supervisor’s clean opinion (Brooks, 2007). The stakeholders involved in this case were investors, clients, buyers, as well as the company who was presented with the audit. Since the value of the property was inflated to almost two million dollars over its actual value, buyers were being misled. With Baker Greenleaf basically putting their stamp of approval on the audit, they are taking part in their client’s scheme. Baker is more concerned with profits than with the ethical values they should uphold. If the public ever found out about this scheme, the company could possible go out of business and investors could stand losing a great deal of money. Investors, clients, as well as buyers of the real estate are entitled to be aware of the activities that are taking place in the company. Let’s discuss some of the processes of decision making as well as the actions that should be taken. In order to make ethical decisions, accounts should possess values of integrity, honesty, objectivity, skill and discretion. They should also exercise due care, professional skepticism, and pledge to place the needs of the public, the client, the profession, and the employer or firm before the professional’s own self interest. In making an ethical decision, Dan should follow the framework for ethical problem solving which involves eight steps. He should first establish objectivity. Baker Greenleaf is doing the analysis. Their interest is to acquire the long-standing account. The ground rules of the company seem to be honesty and professionalism since the real estate subsidiary gave them problems in the past (Brooks, 2007). Next the problem needs to be identified. The problem is that Dan’s supervisor does not want to submit a report that discloses negative information on the real estate subsidiary. The subsidiary fabricated the value of their larges real estate property at two million dollars when it was actually valued at no more than one hundred thousand dollars. This problem that has been uncovered belongs to the subsidiary as well as Baker Greenleaf. It is a problem for the subsidiary because they are misleading their real estate buyers on the value of the property. Their buyers will buy a property in excess of the amount that is essentially worth. Baker Greenleaf can be help liable for real estate property bought by buyers that was overpriced. Third, Dan should use the five-question framework to analyze the situation. Since Baker Greenleaf is one of the Big Eight accounting firms, they should have ground rules that govern all of their accountants to abide by all rules and possess ethical decision making skills. The stakeholders are the clients and buyers of the subsidiary as well as the subsidiary and Baker Greenleaf. The subsidiary has a right to make any decision regarding their company and their asses, but any decisions related to the audit of the subsidiary are made by Baker Greenleaf. It seems as of the ground rules of the subsidiary are to carry out any means that will generate the most profit for the company. They do not have any ethical principles or rules. Their current rules and principles are not fair to all concerned. Fourth, Dan ought to determine the cause of the problem. The rules are being broken so that the company can make a bigger profit. The rules are being broken Prima facie. After reviewing the evidence, the problem was discovered. Dan’s supervisor doesn’t posses ethical values. He is only concerned about how he will be perceived by the executives within the firm. After that, the objective must be established. The desirable outcome is to report a subject-of-opinion to indicate the material difference in opinion regarding the value of the subsidiary’s largest real estate property. Dan wanted the executives of the firm to be aware that the financial statements were subject to a $1. million dollar adjustment. The timeframe is within the next couple of days. This is measurable. Next, Dan needs to explore his options. Dan can raise his concerns with his partner counselor as well as the personnel department along with any evidence he has exposed. He can also quit the job and look for anther place of employment without any attempt to inform someone else of his findings. The seventh step is to decide on the best solution. If Dan goes to his partner with his concerns, they may or may not look into the situation. If he leaves Baker Greenleaf without informing someone else, they may still have this problem without any knowledge of it. They could possibly be sued by their negligence. The decision to that should be implemented is to inform Dan’s partner counselor as well as the personnel department. It may affect his supervisor’s creditability but the credibility of the firm is much more important. The final step for Dan is to plan and implement the decision. He should gather all evidence showing his findings as well as document when he spoke to his supervisor about the issue. He should also document what was discussed. In the case of Dan and Baker Greenleaf accounting firm, we reviewed the dilemmas of the case, the stakeholders involved, and the course of action that Daniel Potter should take. If the public could bust down the doors of corporate headquarters and demand financial information, then we may not need accountants to validate the information. For now, we must comply with the laws and hope that the people we believe in being honest and ethical continue to be responsible and never forget that the public stakeholders.

Jones (2010) Sexual Risk Taking of Teenagers: Critique

Jones (2010) Sexual Risk Taking of Teenagers: Critique The United States continues to have among the highest teen pregnancy rates of the modern nations (Hamilton et al, 2009). Certain sexual risk-taking behaviours increase an adolescents chances of becoming pregnant or contracting a sexually transmitted infection. Although efforts have been made to avoid teenage sexual risk-taking through sex education, this continues to baffle researchers, healthcare providers, teachers and parents. The understanding of these behaviours can improve education and help produce and implement better prevention programmes. Tammy King Jones (20I0) conducted interviews of 15 pregnant teenagers and wrote the article It drives us to do it based on these teenagers interviews. The purpose of the study was to explore and give a say to pregnant teenagers experiences, the realities related to school-based sex education and their understanding of its effectiveness. This essay is a critique of Jones (2010) research study on the sexual risk-taking behaviours of American teenagers and the effects on their health and future, using a qualitative approach. Ryan et al (2007) states that critiquing is a methodical approach to evaluating the strong points and limitations of a research report so as to know its validity while also determining if it would be able to be put into practice. According to Polit et al. (2006) critiquing a research report allows feedback for improvement as well as contributes to knowledge of nursing. Ryan et al (2007) reports that a qualitative research critique focuses on believing the study and the issues influencing the strength of the study. This critique would thus attempt to do this by using a feministic qualitative design method. The title of the paper is concise, yet capture the essence of the paper, thus easily providing readers with an idea of what the paper is about which goes in hand with Dawson (2002) who suggests that one of the keys of a well written paper is a title that somehow captures the essence of the write up without being overly lengthy. The abstract is well structured, easily read, not too long yet explanatory. It provides a to the point impression of the write-up from its aims to its conclusion without going beyond the recommended 250 words (Holloway wheeler 2010; LoBiondo-Wood Haber 2006). The statement of interest is also clearly stated within its background adhering to the standard of quality suggested by LoBiondo-Wood Haber (2006). Though Tammy king Jones (2010) holds several qualifications such as, RNC-OB, PhD all in the medical/ academic field and this helps give some credibility to this paper as suggested by Playe (2000) that hints of the quality of a paper can be gotten from the professional background of the writer(s), yet the fact that this paper was a seemingly a solo effort by her can put doubt over how in-depth it may be, as argued by Polit et al. (2003) who suggest that the experience , associations to the subject among by the write can help either establish or diminish the credibility of a research paper. Qualitative research seeks to understand other peoples views and motivations (Meadows 2006). It seeks to investigate the dilemma in question by concentrating on the persons who were affected, (Vishnevsky et al. 2004). Qualitative methods are concerned with experiences, feelings and attitude (Ryan et al. 2007) and it also tries to help us get an understanding of social phenomena as the happen in their natural setting i.e. not a controlled setting like a laboratory, while taking into consideration the views, experiences and meanings of the participants (Lee 2006; Merrem 2009). This makes the qualitative approach taken by Tammy King Jones (20I0) correct for the study, as the intended aims of the research is based on gaining insight on a social issue with emphasis being based on the meanings, experiences and views of the participants. And also, the question the research seeks to address is clearly identified. Additionally the author used questionnaires designed specifically for this purpose alongside, in-depth interviews with different pregnant teenagers, where among other things details about why they got pregnant were discussed. The research design was addressed appropriately to the aims of the research. It tells the reader how the research actually implemented the research approach i.e. via questionnaires and interviews. Meadows (2006) states that there is no concrete way for researchers to get a true picture of the important issues affecting their participant as seen by them (the participants) regarding a certain issue except via discussion with them. Implying that topic guides need to be used by the qualitative researchers, which in turn helps lists the issues that need to be discussed, allowing much needed freedom in such scenarios than the strict questionnaire would all. While also allowing the researcher to build appropriate bond with the participants which in turn produces richer data. So, designing a scenario specific questionnaire and combining that with detailed interviews gives the research validity of a qualitative research as the right methods of gaining data was used. According to Patton (2002) qualitative research has the strengths of allowing human insights and experiences to be used in developing new understanding of the world but it also has the weakness of it being largely dependent on the skills, creativity, intellect and training of the researcher involved, thus meaning that for the same reason (the method used to get data) the research is open to errors, hence making its reliability dependent on the knowhow of the researcher. The main argument of this study has to do with the sexual risk-taking behaviours that have negative effects on the health and the future of American teenagers. It focuses on gaining insight into different sexual risk-taking behaviours and efforts for prevention by performing a study that explores the views and experiences of 15 pregnant teenagers aged between 15 to19 years old through extensive interviews. Narrative information was analysed using content analysis and constant comparison. This study was very important to the topic of sex education being taught in schools because the participants of the study discussed how sex education had influences on their sexual decision making this approach target the main aims of the research, while also meeting the requirements of a qualitative based research to garner more understanding based on an uncontrolled environment but based on the experience of its participants (Lee 2006; Merrem 2009). An appropriate sample group was used bases on the reason(s) for the research. Jones (2010) obtained the thoughts and opinions of the teenagers who have experienced the required phenomenon i.e. pregnancy. This was important, as they were more able to answer the questions properly. Though the sample size fits the general trend of picking pre-meditated participant and does have some reliability to it as it the age range and gender of the sample is clearly given. Its size seems lacking as it is lower than the mean sample size as suggested by Mark (2010) whose research of over 500 qualitative studies showed an average sample size of 31 participants. This may also pose a generalisation problem as the size coupled with the fact that this research was carried out on a set of girls in only one school in one country (the USA). It thus makes it hard to say that the finding is generally correct for most people in that age group. Ethical issues were taken into consideration as the participants were a vulnerable group. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board to go ahead with the study. Nurses assisted the researcher to recruit the right participants for this study after careful assessment. Consent was obtained from the participants. This was not just about obtaining ethical approval for a study but also ensuring that the rights of the participants are not violated. When reporting qualitative research, participants anonymity and confidentiality must not be breached (The Central Office for Research Ethics Committee 2006), and this was attended to by obtaining documented approval from the institutional Review Board and the participating girls. The article focused on external and internal drivers. The author identified six key drivers which were grouped as internal or external. The drivers are pushes that teenagers feel when they are growing up that make them feel they have to do something or another (Jones 20l0). The research discovered that most teens felt that the drivers have more to do with making a decision about sex than school based sex education. Internal drivers were described as ‘fitting in’, ‘curiosity’ and ‘forbidden fruit’. While the external drivers were ‘partners pressure’, ‘peer pressure’ and the ‘media’. The participants each identified these drivers as powerful influences on sexual decision making, when discussing their experience with sex education (Jones 20I0). The participants also discussed how these influences overpowered the knowledge they gained on sex education. The author in this article concluded by saying that if peop le keep addressing sexual content as off limits for adolescents then it is going to drive them to take more sexual risks. The researcher when discussing about the six key drivers, includes the teenage girls own words and quotes them exactly as said to prove that she identified the drivers based on the teenagers interviews. By interviewing these teenagers, the author is able to know what affected their decisions and also able to know if school based sexual education played a role. It is important to understand that there are many variables when it comes to sexual activity by teenagers and by trying to frighten teenagers away from it can sometimes draw them to it and by miss informing them or omitting information they can be put at more risk of harm. Teen pregnancy is a complicated and contentious social subject in the USA (Domenico et al. 2007). According to the Kaiser Family Foundation (2013), the USA is listed as number one on the list of countries with high teen pregnancy in the world, with its effect cutting across the individuals, their family and the society at large. The question now becomes given the abundance of birth control methods and sex education in schools why is teenage pregnancy still so rampant? Why is it still so widespread in this day and age? How can the society prevent or reduce the causes of teenage pregnancy? To be able to address this complex problem researchers claim the four major causes of teen pregnancy have to be known. Based on researchers, the four main grounds for teenage pregnancy are ‘peer pressure and low self-esteem’, ‘lack of parental guidance’, ‘unprotected sex’ and ‘media influence’ (Brendgen et al. 2007). Teenagers are aware of the risks of their behaviours but these risks are not out weighted by the internal and external pressures they are faced with. Therefore, when using sexual education as a deterrent several methods of sex education need to be used for it to be successful. In this research study, most of the teenage girls agreed that when someone tells them not to do it or asked them to abstain from sex, it would make them want to do it even more. Therefore, from this behaviour we can learn that ‘abstinence only education’ needs to be changed. This can help show educators that, abstinence only education is not working effectively because it gives an impression that sex is a forbidden fruit, which only raises teenagers curiosity to know why it is forbidden, so they engage in this activity anyway. A significant number of teenagers seem to indulge in sexual relationships so as to fit in with what seems to be accepted behaviour. Research from The Kaiser Family Foundation (2013) show that more than 25% of teenagers who are pregnant believe they were not ready to have sex but went ahead because they wanted to fit in. It is also generally agreed that during the teenage years teens usually try extremely hard to fit in with their peers and would indulge in certain activities including sex to achieve this. In other words they want to be ‘cool’. It is clear from this research study that peer pressure has its impact on teenagers choice to have sec or not too. These teenagers were affected by peer pressure because they wanted to get recognition and acceptance from their companions. Teenage pregnancy in the media influences young teenage girls by showing that it is okay to have children at a young age. The media glamorises teenage pregnancy and makes ordinary pregnant girls famous for the problem they have created (Lewis, 2013). Television programmes like 16 and pregnant shows how the teenagers deals with the ‘problem’ and still go on with their lives. Exposure to sexual contents via written and digital media may surge teen pregnancy by promoting a kind of relaxed attitudes towards abstinence and the use of various prevention methods e.g. contraceptives. In other words creating the perception that there is little risk to sex (Brown et al. 2008). In this day and age, we have to consider that every event or situation is a potential learning experience. Every program that is viewed on television and every magazine that is read sends a message to the audience. The scary part is that teenagers do not think that they are influenced by the media (Werner-Wi lson et al. 2004). The extent to which the media can influence a teenager depends on their mentality. If they go out to any situation well prepared mentally, then they will perceive things with a broader and developed thinking. Teenagers who are easily influenced in general are the ones who are more likely to watch a program and internalise bad values and aspirations (Jones, 20IO). Learning about sex via several media sources is educational but the messages given can be potentially harmful to teenagers as a young mind is vulnerable. There are often cultural barriers that can have a huge impact on teenagers and the way in which they perceive teenage parenting and protection from sexual activity. Allen (2007) states that culture suggests that teenagers must be protected from sexual activity as there are many dangers and negative consequences related with it. Therefore, instead of informing the teenagers on how to protect themselves, those who believe in this feel that it is their duty to protect the adolescents. According to Allen (2007) theses ideologies are similar to those of abstinence-only ideas which states that sexual activity should be postponed as long as possible with some focusing on advising teenagers that they must protect themselves if they do chose to become sexually active. However, they have to recognise that there are outside drivers that may influence their decisions and provide no means of protection or outreach advice to teenagers to protect themselves when these drivers† have a greater influence on their decision (Allen, 2007). The aim of educating yongsters in school i.e. early sex education is said to be to get them adequately informed about sex, pregnancy prevention methods and pregnancy itself so that they are equipped to make informed decisions about sex (Surmann, 2005). Sex education can help reduce the high rates of teenage pregnancies in USA. Reducing unintended pregnancy is a national public health goal because of the risks and costs of unintended pregnancies (Guttmacher Institution 2012). The goal of having sex education in schools would be to give students knowledge about how pregnancy happens, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases (Guttmacher Institution, 2012). Teaching teenagers about who they are and understanding what they think about themselves, will enable educators to help teenagers understand what they think about themselves by soul searching (Advocates for Youth 2008). With teenagers having a positive attitude towards teen parenting, it makes it a lot more difficult for educators to address the issues in order to promote behaviour change (Garwick et al 2008). Therefore, educators should address this issue in a different way, that is their background should be considered, including how they can learn, what barriers they may face and instilling hope and providing enrichment to their lives (Garwick et al, 2008). While the main goal of comprehensive sex education is to delay the onset of sexual activity, the main purpose is to educate all teenagers in case they decide to become sexual active. Advocates for Youth (2008) states that the five components of the Sexual Education Standards are sensuality, intimacy via sex, sexual identity, re production and sexual health which are all important as they touch on several aspects of the teenagers lives, including their emotional, physical and mental state and well-being. And addressing these areas can promote real behavioural change. The critique paper contains a clear account of finding with the collected data haven being thoroughly analysed, and clearly displayed. The research used quotes from each driver given. The research was valuable as it has contributed to the development of nursing knowledge. In whole this papers findings appear to be reliable. The issues of reliability are conformability, credibility, transferability and dependability. Conformability covers how well supported a research is by the data collected (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). Credibility is the assessment of how well what the research deduced is true based on the data originally gotten from the participants (Lincoln and Guba 1985). In this study credibility was maintained by members. From my assessment, the study can contribute meaningful evidence that can be useful to the nursing discipline. Lincoln and Guba (1985) mentions that transferability is the extent to which finds can be transferred between projects i.e. what was gained from one project could be applied to another project. Dependability deals with the quality of the incorporated processes of data gathering, data examination and theory generation (Lincoln and Guba, 1985). The study concluded that programs and initiatives need to move beyond addressing a focus on knowledge acquisition and move towards addressing certain influential factors that are not typically included in sex education programmes (Jones, 2010). Hence, the study suggested that more time should be spent on certain areas of sex education than others. All the sources in this research study are reliable sources because it is peer review. It also had all its information citied with facts. I believe that it is a reliable study with some very good information. Therefore, when developing preventative efforts for teenage sexual risk-taking, the drivers identified by the pregnant teenagers should be considered. The researcher realised that her research needed to be expanded by getting teenagers from different socio-economic backgrounds and the interviews raised more questions. Even though it could have been more diverse, it still provides very good insight information. This qualitative study provides practitioners with a clearer understanding of how teenagers view or understand being pregnant. Thus, providing a means by which individual practitioners can improve their service provision while also contributing to evidence base practice. Initiative programmes should also address influential factors that are not normally included in school based sex education curricula. It is now considered the responsibilities of the family, schools and the society to aid in educating teenagers. If the goal as educators is to ensure the best interest of our teenagers and provide them with the best opportunities in life, then their health must be at the forefront of our attention, concerns and efforts. After all, a healthy teenager is a happy teenager. How Should Legislators Deal With Minors Who Sext? How Should Legislators Deal With Minors Who Sext? How legislatures should deal with minors, who sext, is lenient considering their lack of maturity. Minors (usually adolescence) brains are not fully developed: taking this into consideration, why is it fair to charge someone to the fullest penalty, who is incapable of the full functions as another person (being an adult). Minors brains, having less connections to the brains network region than adults do, are unable to to reach full potential due to emotions getting the best of the minor. The minor my not be able to control the hormones connected to the emotions due to the maturing stage called puberty. This stage prevents the minor from thinking a situation all the way through. The study also found that the majority of young people are not aware of the legal ramifications of underage sexting. In fact, most respondents were unaware that many jurisdictions consider sexting among minors particularly when it involves harassment or other aggravating factors to be child pornography, a prosecutable offense. Convictions of these offenses carry steep punishments, including jail time and sex offender registration. (Majority of minors engage in sexting, unaware of harsh legal consequences.) This proves that minors, being the young people, are not aware of consequences due to the fact that minors are unable to think of the outcomes. The minors brain does not think a situation all the way through, so the consequences are not thought of. If the minors brain was developed fully, the minor would have more potential to think of the outcome of a situation. If the minor was able to think all the way through a situation to the outcome, the minor would not commit any crime to get themselves in trouble. Are these slip-ups to the extent of sending naked pictures of myself to others? No, but they are as common as the act of sexting has become, which is why we as a society, law enforcement in particular, need to take a step back and avoid ruining a teenagers life for taking part in an increasingly frequent activity. (Hann) Here, Spencer Hann, the author of Sexting is just a mistake, not a criminal offense, is portraying logical evidence of the topic of sexting. Minors should not be charged as a criminal considering the fact that minors are not fully developed mentally. Hann also is proving that authorities should be lenient to minors, stating that law enforcement in particular, need to take a step back and avoid ruining a teenagers lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦: assuming that law enforcements could be inferred as legislators. The legislators should avoid ruining a minors life because the minor may not know what they have done. Research has shown that majority of young people are not aware of the legal ramifications. (Majority of minors engage in sexting, unaware of harsh legal consequences.) During tasks that require self-control, adults employ a wider network of brain regions than do adolescents, and this trait may make self-control easier, by distributing the work across multiple areas of the brain rather than overtaxing a smaller number of regions. (Steinberg) In the text, proven by Mr. Steinberg, minors are not as fully functional mentally as adults are. Considering this fact, it is unfair and unnecessary to convict a minor to a adult charge. The consideration should be taken due to the fact that a minors brain is not fully developed, causing poor decision making. Since the decision making is based on undevelopment of the brain, the legislators should be lenient to a minor. The minor may not be able to control their actions because they feel what they are doing is right. Another thing to consider while dealing with minors is puberty. Puberty has a huge effect on minors emotionally. Minors are unable to control the overwhelming mix of emotions. Beginning at puberty, the brain is reshaped. Neurons (gray matter) and synapses (junctions between neurons) proliferate in the cerebral cortex and are then gradually pruned throughout adolescence. Eventually, more than 40% of all synapses are eliminated, largely in the frontal lobes. Meanwhile, the white insulating coat of myelin on the axons that carry signals between nerve cells continues to accumulate, gradually improving the precision and efficiency of neuronal communication a process not completed until the early 20s. The corpus callosum, which connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain, consists mostly of this white matter. (The adolescent brain: Beyond raging hormones) This being proven by Harvard, this source is evidence that a minors brain is undeveloped and emotions play a big key on minors during the puberty stage. Adolescents are indeed less mature than adults when making decisions under conditions that are characterized by emotional arousal and peer pressure, but adolescents aged 15 and older are just as mature as adults when emotional arousal is minimized and when they are not under the influence of peers, conditions that typically characterize medical decision-making. (Steinberg) In this text, it is proven by Oxford University that once emotions are a factor, the minor is less mature. Emotions are uncontrollable during the puberty stage of an minor. Having a disadvantage at hand, unable to balance emotions while having to make life choices, puts stress on a minor. That stress is what drives the minor into a uncontrollable series of slip-ups. One taking place after another, the minor is overwhelmed, taking multiple steps into the wrong direction. Since minors automatically have a disadvantage, legislatures should be much more lenient on any minor who shall slip-up. A minor may slip-up often. The reason behind their slip-up is because not only the lack of potential, but also the lack of maturity. A minor has an unfair disadvantage from the beginning. A minors brain is not even close to development. An adults brain is completely developed with experience and wisdom. An adult has had more time and knowledge of a variety of things making the adults superior. The superioress is proven by common day laws and regulations. Kids not being able buy tobacco, children   not allowed to buy alcohol on their own, or even a minor under 18 years of age not being able to vote. Adults have many more rights and responsibilities than do children. The reason being, is that adults are more mentally developed than children. Adults outcompeting minors in many subjects: education, experience, logic, wisdom, cleverness, the fields are endless in the superiority. Considering all the evidence shown that an adult is much more developed, mature, and experienced, minors should have lenience upon them to provide fairness. Minors should not be charged as an adult, ruining their lives ahead. A second factor that complicates adolescent moodiness is that their brains are still physical maturing: Childrens brains are not fully developed until they are in their early 20s! This incomplete brain development is responsible for much of the cognitive and emotional immaturity that can so easily frustrate parents. (Oswalt) This article proves that minors brains do not develop until later in their lives. A minor should not be charged for something considering the minor is not able to function the the fullest potential. If a minors brain is not fully developed, then the minors potential to cause problems or even slip-up is much greater than an adults. Since a minor is not as mature as an adult the charges or penalties a minor is convicted of should be less severe. A minor should not be trialed as an adult considering a minor does not have the same potential as one. Works Cited Majority of Minors Engage in Sexting, Unaware of Harsh Legal Consequences. Health and Wellness Resource Center, Gale Cengage Learning, 6 July 2014, galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HWRC/hits;jsessionid=F7570DDE4F1830BCEEDC8D7830140589?docNum=A374142398aci=flagtcit=0_0_0_0_0_1index=BAlocID=j020902rlt=6origSearch=truet=RKs=1r=dsecondary=falseo=n=10l=dsearchTerm=2NTAc=1basicSearchOption=KEbucket=healthnewsSU=minors+sexting. Oswalt, Angela. Mental/Emotional/Social Changes Through Puberty. Mental Help MentalEmotionalSocial Changes through Puberty Comments, MentalHelp.net, 23 June 2010, www.mentalhelp.net/articles/mental-emotional-social-changes-through-puberty/. Sexting is just a mistake, not a criminal offense. UWIRE Text, 11 Sept. 2015, p. 1. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA428321759it=rasid=5f7908f3080ef1296edfff9f0ec2b5bd. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Steinberg, Laurence. Should the science of adolescent brain development inform public policy: neuroscience has made tremendous progress in studying the adolescent brain, opening opportunitiesand raising challengesfor using the knowledge to inform a variety of public policies. Issues in Science and Technology, vol. 28, no. 3, 2012, p. 67+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA287392227it=rasid=6b6fda0c6065a816b9e72793d1e45980. Accessed 13 Feb. 2017. Steinberg, Laurence. Does Recent Research on Adolescent Brain Development Inform the Mature Minor Doctrine? Does Recent Research on Adolescent Brain Development Inform the Mature Minor Doctrine? | The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine | Oxford Academic. Oxford University Press, 20 Apr. 2013. Web. 15 Feb. 2017.

Doris Duke :: Essays Papers

Doris Duke Many people may think that money is the key to happiness, but Too Rich, written by Pony Duke and Jason Thomas proves this theory wrong. Doris Duke was one of the richest people in the world, in fact at her time, she was the richest woman in the world, but money does not make all people happy. Actually, being rich could lead to and extremely lonely life, such as Doris Duke’s. Well, of course money can buy a person any and every material item that they want, but some things are priceless. Even the MasterCard commercial says so, â€Å"Your child’s first baseball game, priceless. For everything else, there’s MasterCard.† Money cannot buy happiness and companionship. The reason that a biography was written about Doris Duke is because she was the richest woman in the world. Her family and she used their money towards worthy causes. Doris’ father founded Duke University and Doris helped to preserve national forests and monuments. The Duke fortune started with the American Tobacco Company. At one point their tobacco company was a monopoly, but then others formed. When Doris was born she was referred to as the one million-dollar tyke. This became true when her father, Buck Duke died. The message conveyed in this novel is that money can buy most things, but it cannot buy happiness. Happiness is the one thing that Doris Duke craved and needed in her life more than anything else in the world. She was very lonely and trusted too many people. The most important lesson that her father taught her that she did not follow was not to trust anyone. The dedication of the book reads, â€Å"This book is dedicated to Doris Duke, who should have believed the person who told her ‘never trust anyone’†(iv). Doris wanted to be loved. She tried to find real affection from so many people, but found mostly fortune hunters. Doris also grew up alone and isolated. All of the people she allowed into her life did not love her for her, which she found out sooner or later, but later much more often than sooner. Doris is portrayed as a lonely loving woman, who would do almost anything for anyone if she offered before she was asked.

Why Students Dont Have Time :: Education Educating Time management Essays

Why Students Don't Have Time When I was a student, my teacher once said to me that a large amount of time is only good when you can use it wisely. The tactics of the teaching profession that I, a modern educator, am about to describe, result in the very opposite. I. In the first place, ladies and gentlemen, the amount of time a student has outside of school, like Romeo's love for Juliet, is precious for every minute. A student's time is like a person's income before taxes. Free time would be the amount remaining after all homework (taxes) was done. Focus, therefore, on the small amounts of free time a student actually has than large expanses that he appears to have from 2 PM to 8 AM. II. Whatever amount of work has been done in class, a teacher is to give the students the same amount of homework each day, between one and two hours a night. Even if the entire year's curriculum is covered in the first three class days, a teacher is to find homework to give the students each day following, regardless of whether it has anything to do with the subject matter of the class. III. A teacher is not to make any exceptions for his tardy work policy no matter what the excuse. The punishment for someone who had a big game or whose house was burned down or whose house was buried under ten feet of snow shall be the same as someone who has no reasonable excuse. A teacher shall not even hear trite excuses such as "my dog ate my homework" even if the student in question has a 12-week-old black Labrador retriever that has a serious biting and chewing problem and chews everything from socks to shoes to, unfortunately, homework. IV. A teacher is to give numerous out-of-class yet short-term projects to his students. They will then think that they have spent all the time needed for one class but then have to work for another hour on another class project. These projects should be the type by which procrastination is not an option; ones that the teacher give five weeks in advance but are due a day after they are able to begin. For example, a reading assignment out of a book specially ordered by the School District due five weeks in advance but due the day after the books arrived.

Diana of the Crossways: A Novel :: Free Essays Online

Diana of the Crossways: A Novel Before reading Diana of the Crossways it is important to understand the facts surrounding the life of George Meredith, as corresponding elements can be found in many of his works. George Meredith was born on February 12, 1828 in Portsmouth. During his early years he faced several accounts of hardship. His mother died when he was hardly five years of age. Shortly after her death, George Meredith's father, Augustus, inherited a failing business and heavy debts from his own father. Augustus was forced to declare bankruptcy and travel to London to earn a living, leaving young Meredith in the care of relatives. At age fifteen, Meredith attended the Moravian school at Neuwied on the Rhine. He remained there for less than two years accounting for his only formal education. Meredith was apprenticed to Richard Stephen Charnock who introduced Meredith to his literary circle of friends. Among them were Edward Peacock and his sister Mary Ellen Nicolls. Mary Ellen Nicolls can be described as havi ng lively intelligence and wit. This seems to characterize many of Meredith's heroines. They married in 1849, but they had very little success as a couple. Since they were both intelligent and demanding they desired more from the relationship. In 1858 Mary Ellen Nicolls eloped with artist Henry Wallis ending her relationship with Meredith. From here, Meredith married his second wife Marie Vulliamy who was the contrast of Mary Ellen Nicolls. She was a very practical, domestic woman who was a good hostess and housekeeper. It is quite ironic that Meredith would desire a helpmeet relationship when all of his works surround the independent, headstrong woman. Meredith was an energetic man who would frequently toss around a weight nicknamed "the beetle" for exercise. In the 1870's Meredith began to develop symptoms of locomotor ataxia, which crippled him. In 1892 Meredith was elected president of The Society of Authors, a position that was previously held by Alfred Lord Tennyson. In 1905 h e was awarded the Order of Merit. Over the years, Meredith became increasingly disabled and deaf before passing away on May 18, 1909 (Casal, The Victorian Web). During his lifetime Meredith produced fifteen novels, eight poetry collections, and countless minor works; most of which are out of print today. His best work is characterized by brilliant insights, carefully chosen diction, and powerful imagery. Diana of the Crossways is rich and interesting with realistic characters that come alive for the reader.

If Nas Ruled The World Essay

We have all fantasized about ruling the world In our free time. Whether you ruled wit an Iron fist or gave free Ice cream to your followers, everybody has rules differently. I n the song â€Å"If I Ruled The World† by Nas featuring Lauren Hill, Nas Imagines a world that ca n only be classified as â€Å"ghetto fabulous†. Although this song ideally disagrees with everything believe in, I support Nas idea of unity.The world that NAS speaks of is a place where y o can smoke weed â€Å"in the streets without the cops harassing†, â€Å"court without trial† and people e â€Å"more conscious of the way we raise our daughters†. This may sound like anarchy for the m cost part, but Nas speaks of a place like paradise for some. Nanas, formally known as Nas, was r eased in Queens, New York. This is shown evident from the song alone. Nas speaks of problem s that you would not find many other places other than the slums of New York.In the song he peaks of â€Å"W elfare†, â€Å"weed†, cocaine, â€Å"parole†, undercover cops, and the list continues. These Ideas may seem foreign, but Queens alone feels like a different world from the close by New York City. This is why I like this song. He did not attempt to speak politics or economy values when he showed us a glimpse of his hierarchy but he spoke of a world that Queens k new nothing about. Nanas spoke of a peaceful place. This song was an effective persuasive audio essay because he clearly stated his mall Idea, supported It, and reached the targeted audience.

The history of health care

Going back hundreds of years, we can trace the history of health care. Although it has evolved over the years, it all has a common goal; to heal those who are ill. Technology is one of the major evolutions and now plays a big role in the health care system. It helps patients to be more involved with their healthcare. They can make appointments, follow up on test results, and contact their doctors. Back then, they didn’t even have all the medicine we have now, let alone the technology. We can only imagine what is in store for the future. Health care involves so many different fields and so many different people; it is hard not to get interested in it. One thing that especially interests me is how much diseases and the treatment of them have changed. In the earlier centuries, epidemics like cholera and smallpox were sweeping across countries; now they are rarely heard of. Just over the course of about a hundred years, and most of the diseases that were killing thousands of people are now extinct. Another common killer back then could be something as simple as eating bad food. They did not have means of safeguarding food, so things like beef were not monitored. It is amazing to see how far they have come in advancing healthcare. There are many aspects of health care that intrigue me. I’ve always wanted to be a nurse; unfortunately it is very difficult to get into the program. However, if I ever go back to do that, I would want to either do labor and delivery or pediatrics. I have had the privilege of witnessing the birth of one of my nieces and it was the most amazing experience. To be a nurse and being a part of that on a daily basis would be awesome. I also have an extra soft spot for children, which is why pediatrics would also be of interest to me. Life threatening diseases do not only affect adults. I feel that being able to help children would only be helping our future. Since healthcare varies all around the world as far as quality and technology, it is safe to say that there are some positive and negatives based on the demographics. For example, those living in the United States are quite lucky as a whole; we have fairly advanced technology as far as surgery and medicine go. Our hospitals are good, and the doctors are well trained. It is less likely that wide spread epidemics will happen here because of the strict regulations on food and other important factors. Also, since we are modernized, we don’t have to really â€Å"rough it† like some do in third world countries. However, if we narrow it down a lot farther we will discover that there are negatives as well. People in more poverty stricken areas are more likely to have a not so nice hospital and probably not the best doctors. Different parts of the world will also have a different quality care just based on the resources available to them. Many people come to the US just for medical procedures that cannot be done in their country. In my opinion, age also plays a part in healthcare. It almost seems as though the older you get, the less they seem to care. I am not sure if it’s because they figure you are already on your way out and not worth the effort, but based on what I have seen with my grandparents, their quality of care is quite lower. There are many resources available to find more information on the history of health care. I believe the most common would be the internet. Since it has so many options available with just a click of the mouse, it is also the fastest. However, one should be careful about credibility on the internet. Medical journals or government sites are more likely to be accurate, rather than a blog or other online opinionated websites. Another way to do research would be the good old way, a printed resource. Although they are rarely used, medical journals or newspapers from a local library could be another way to get the information you would require about healthcare. Healthcare has changed in many ways, mostly for the good. Patients are more involved with their medical care. The use of the internet is becoming more prevalent, and does not show signs of slowing down. Medicine is evolving for the better and cures for many diseases may soon be on the horizon. With so many things happening at once we cannot forget where it all started and how it will evolve from now. The history of healthcare plays a role in all of this, if not only to remind us where it all began.

Plato and Piety Essay

It seems that in the reading both Socrates and Euthyphro are both dealing with legal issues and they are discussing the differences and the similarities of their cases with one another. Socrates is a defendant in a suit accusing him of impiety which was brought against him by no other than Meletus who was not really in a position to bring suit against another but that’s another story all together. And then we look at Euthyphro who is a plaintiff in a murder action in which he brought against his own father. It seems that Socrates being of sound mind thought he should lend his ear to this young man who was very knowledgeable to help him come to the conclusion of what his crime truly was. He felt that he should be perfectly informed about the differences between piety and impiety before being tried for what he was not sure was a binding action against him. The first definition that Euthyphro gives is that piety is what is dear to the gods and impiety is what is not dear them. Socrates states that even if this was the fact could this really be a form of piety when discussing the case brought against Euthypro’s father he said looking at the evidence at hand could his father really be deemed a murder because he didn’t show piety. And then he asked the question what do you deem to be justice because what is justice for one could be ones punishment in another’s eyes. The second definition Piety is what is loved by the gods a redefined distinction between state and the act corresponding respectively to the adjective and the participle. Which Socrates states that piety and holiness is preceded by the act of being pious, not by the act of love. The third and final definition is that Piety is a form of justice. Socrates has during this time placed religion on a moral foundation. He is trying to find the balance between that of religion and morality which should be universal with all men in his eyes. I feel that Socrates was on to something we as humans depending on what we are raised to believe can find ourselves on either side of the argument. In the case of Travian Martin it seems that some toke piety on the death of the child and other deemed that it was not that much of a loss. I believe that if there is loss of life for any reason other than natural cases it is sad and should not of taken place. Do I think the man who shot this child is a murder yes, the police had told this gentlemen not to follow this young man and he toke the law in his own hands and shot an unarmed child. In the case of Euthyphro’s father I would not deem it a murder yes, it was a piety that the man died but it was not a crime. I truly believe that impiety is knowing how it would feel to be another man shoes and taking piety on him because it could very well be you in the same state. My definition of piety is looking at one and feeling sorrow for the persons state of being and then taking action. Next would be my definition of holiness to me it would be a person who lives above reproach in all things. In the world we leave in today there are those who take piety on the less fortune and those who turn their backs on them; in my book those who turn a blind eye are no better and should be made to feel the hardship that is very real in peoples everyday lives. Socrates was a great man who used logic and understanding to bring Euthyphro to a place of understanding through the knowledge that this young man already had but because he was blind by the things he was taught he was not truly being fair to his father in the case of murder that he brought against him. I feel that we do the same thing in life today we judge people by what we deem to be moral with seeing the bigger picture and weighing out all the things that could be a n influence in what is truly going on in the world around us. In my conclusion I think that before we come to the conclusion of what might be a sin we might want to take a look at all the things that make up the situation and listen to every side of the story because we deem as right could be wrong to another. Reference Page: Mosser, K (2010) Philosophy: A concise introduction†¦ Bridgepoint Education INC Plato : Euthyphro http://www. gutenburg. org.

A World Affected by Pollution and Global Warming Essay

Roy M. Harrison.(2001) Pollution:Cause, Effects and Control. Royal society of chemistry. This author concentrates mainly chemical and radioactive pollution. The book speaks of the sources of pollutants and their effects on both living and non livings especially human. It also shows how chemical pollution can also cause of water, air and land pollution. Agarwal S.K. Water pollution. APH publishing(Jan.1 2005) The author bases the book on recent views, ideas and contribution of various leading ecologist information of water pollution. It show how to use waste water and its treatments. Irina Gray (2008). Pollution effects on humans, animals, plants and the environment. The writer shows the various types and causes of pollution and its effects on the environment. It shows the effect on human ranging mild discomfort to serious diseases. It also how the effect destroy animal life and the atmosphere. Credit: www.Tropical-Rainforest-Animals.com Margaret A. Wheatley(1996). Social and cultural impact of mercury pollution on Aboriginal people in Canada. Neurotox 17(1), 251-256 The writer explores the link between mercury pollution and social &cultural disruption in Canadian aboriginal communities. It shows the difficulties in communication that contribute to the social and cultural impacts and their health effects.Credit: V. Ramanathan and G. Carmichael(2008). Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon.Nature Geoscience 221-221. The writers express how black carbon becomes air pollution and how it affects both the climate and the environment. This book said that the pollution affect different regions and the â€Å"black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere.† Credit: www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n4/full/ngeo/56.html S.Fred Singer.(1968) Global Effects of environmental pollution. Science 13 vol. 162 no 3859. The author talks the pollution effects on humans, animals, plants and the environment. It expresses the cause of pollution and how it causes the extinction of animals and plants species which is a grave loss for mankind. It shows how the advancement in technology aids the improvement of a well being of mankind but also its consequences. Credit: books.google.com/books Clive Glifford (2006). Planet under pressure:pollution. Rain-tree ISBN-13: 9781844439 744. The book examines how pollution has become a global issue and looks at the debate over possible solution. It shows how pollution whether air, water, radioactive or terrestrial affect the lives of a lot of people causing disease and contributing to the global warming. Credit: www.booksdirect.com.au/books/?isbn=9781844439744 Green StudentU. Pollution. This is a encyclopedia entry which speaks of how toxic chemicals from factories pollute the land, air and water. It explains what pollution is and why there are different types . Of the types, It takes of their sources and how to prevent them. It gives link to environment protection agency website if to be involved in prevention of pollution. It also gives the statistics of the people affected by pollution and other. Credit: www.greenstudentu.com/encyclopedia/pollution

Article Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Summaries - Essay Example Although different nations have varying prices, measuring their GDPs require the use of same prices (Charles and Klenow 7-9). The authors used Rawls prowess in economics calculate life expectancy, inequality, and other welfare components (Charles and Klenow 10-11). In constructing welfare over time, Charles and Klenow compared how Rawls valued living in the same country but in different years. Using figure 4 and table 3, they correlated welfare and income growth, as well as, displaying a summary of statistics of the same. Between 1980 and 2000, the US has registered an income average growth of 2.04% (Charles and Klenow 23-25). The researchers had to make a number of a number of assumptions from the Rawls utility functions. They checked the robustness of their calculations using alternative specifications of utility and welfare measures. The alternatives they used held up well to account for the differences between income and welfare (Charles and Klenow 29-34) They used various sources of data to perform their calculations. Consumption, as well as, income data for macro calculations was sourced from the Penn World Tables and life expectancy data from the World Bank’s HNPStats database. In addition, the inequality data was sourced from the UNU-WIDER World Income Database (Charles and Klenow 12-15). The micro data was of immense importance because it analyzed working hours and consumption rate for adults and older children in households. The data collected from the Household Survey enabled the researchers to calculate consumption inequality rather than creating assumptions from the income inequality (Charles and Klenow 38-41). The researchers, in particular, found out that the living standards of Western European were 71% for income and 90% for welfare compared to the U.S. This is because people in these countries live long, have equal consumption

The Royal Prerogative is a feature of the UK Constitution in need of Essay

The Royal Prerogative is a feature of the UK Constitution in need of radical reform - Essay Example Analysis The exercise of the royal prerogative powers has been curtailed. These days, there has been clear demarcation of powers that has been have been delegated to both the prime minister and the crown, though much of these powers are exercisable by the prime minster. However, leaving bit of these powers in the hands of the crown has little or no effect, to such an extent that it does not make sense having these powers vested in the crown1. It is important for the people of the United Kingdom to realize that times have changed, and circumstances are different. The needs that led to bestowing such powers to the crown have now become non-existent. This leaves the royalty as a toothless bulldog that can no longer bite. In order for the United Kingdom to fully deliberate itself from the shackles of history, the royalty’s expansive powers should be fully relegated to parliament and only act as a ceremonial organ2. The monarch’s constitutional presence should no longer be a reason for debate among the intellectuals. The independence of the judiciary is achieved by ensuring that the judiciary does not act as a mouth piece of the executive. In the past, the exercise of such powers has failed to reflect the wishes of the larger interest of the people of United Kingdom, rather has been used as a tool for the monarchy to meet its personal ends3. The judiciary, on the other hand was ripped off its independences it could not question the exercise of such powers of the royalty. These tainted and undermined the performance of the judiciary. Thus, the judiciary should be guaranteed protection from the crown in order to be act without fear or favour4. The power to deal in matters of foreign affairs should be retrieved from the hands of the crown and be left with the legislature , who are in a better position to enact laws that protects the sovereignty of the united kingdom and its people and to also promote the good neighbourliness with other countries. It also advocates for better and efficient interdependence, in cases where the countries involved come in to form a major economic block5. Historically, the legislature was also at the hands of the crown and has not fully barred the monarch from exercising these powers as she still has the sole mandate to appoint the prime minster6. This greatly affects the powers and functions of the prime minster, as he or she has to act in bias, of the crown who appointed him. The prime minister then becomes a puppet for the monarch to act according to the whims of the monarch. The result is that the entire legislature is tailored to meet the desires of the crown at the expense of the interest of the citizens of the United Kingdom7. The legislature should therefore be freed from the chains of the crown, and equipping it through laws, to be able to run its affairs and make its appointment without any interference from the monarch. The bills that also come before parliament will be focusing on the larger i nterest of the people of the United Kingdom rather than a smaller minority which is the crown8. The ancient practice invoking the United Kingdom to be ruled according to divine rights of kings has caused the United Kingdom to lag behind from attaining democracy for its people. The prerogative power of the monarch has often been

The history of Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The history of Intellectual Property - Essay Example The WIPO defined 'intellectual property' as "creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce." Intellectual property "is divided into two categories: industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs." (WIPO, 1967) In simple words, intellectual property maybe called a generic term for a set of legal instruments that specify the exclusive rights granted to creators of new innovations. There are two categories of intellectual property r ights: the first, patents, copyright, industrial designs, plant breeders' rights and layout designs for integrated circuits which grant exclusive rights to new innovations and original works of authorship for a limited period.

Developing a Conservation Plan for Pinery Park in Ontario, Canada Essay

Developing a Conservation Plan for Pinery Park in Ontario, Canada - Essay Example The management plan of the park should consider the region that surround the park in general. The overall effort of the management will be of future benefit to the parks and the surrounding environment as a whole. Proper management of the park will highly contribute to the increase in the social tact among the local programs. The realization of conservation goals for Pinery Park requires strategic plans for easier management of the whole landscape that includes the areas that are set aside for either production or protection. Reserves alone are not sufficient for life conservation but they are the real basis mostly on which national plans are constructed on. Reserves have two main roles. They should be the real sample or either they should represent the biodiversity of every section. On the other hand they should detach this biodiversity from any of the processes that intimidate its diligence. Existing reserve systems like the PINERY Park contains prejudiced sample of biodiversity, u sually that of remote places and other areas that are unsuitable for viable activities. A more systematic approach to locating and designing reserves has been evolving and this approach will need to be implemented if a large proportion of today's biodiversity is to exist in a future of increasing numbers of people and their demands on natural resources. The extent to which the park will achieve and fulfill its goals is when they meet two main objectives that will lead them to their success the objectives are a long-lasting goal and representativeness these are the two main keys that are needed for full variety of biodiversity. The Pinery park management needs to set 1.2million dollars. The money should be allocated to a control program that will see different species in the park that require different amounts of space to complete their life cycle. A finding of the most reserves in the world clearly indicates that most of the worlds well known reserves contain very rear species. that would not persevere as inhabitants even for a single generation if in any case or to some extent they became secluded like for the oak tree that is found in the park. This tree is not found in most parts of the world the demand of the products is endangering the species making it rear in the forests. Many other reserves, without supplementation by unreserved habitat, would be likely to lose species in the long term through a variety of chance events. Thus, the long-term persistence of some taxa requires sustainable populations across entire landscapes or regions as predicted. Many species exploit chronological dissimilarity by moving between dissimilar habitats, requiring targets to distinguish key habitat combinations where these can be identified. The focal species approach attempts to amalgamate patterns and processes by identifying those species in a landscape that are most demanding of resources and then targeting them for organization. The kinds of resources needed by crucial species may be, for example, big areas, connectivity flanked by environment patches and multifaceted assorted habitats. However the other confronts that the park need to look at is the protection of river Ausable. The area around the river is currently being occupied slowly making the shows to deteriorating since the occupants are using the land for housing. This river is the

European History, The French Revolution Personal Statement

European History, The French Revolution - Personal Statement Example At times it also appeared that the royal family's lavish spending was unsustainable. The sources of tax collection were also not adequate and efficient as the since many people like us (the nobles) and the clergy paid almost no tax and the peasants, who were already poor, were levied with much burden of tax and thus resulting into inequalities. The chargeable tax also varied from region to region. The rising prices of food compelled the middle class to lose faith in the government. Other irregularities like the persecution of religious minorities and the state intervention in personal lives also annoyed the public. The people became increasingly dissatisfied with the monarchy. The antiquated legal system only added to the woes of the people with the government becoming synonymous with corruption and inefficiency. Earlier it was not so but now the king had a very autocratic and absolute behavior. The parlement had many times opposed the king's action feeling that traditional rights and liberties of the people were threatened. However, I always felt that the king was well intentioned because he made many attempts to restore normalcy since the time he was enthroned. In the mid 70s he had appointed Turgot as chief finance minister to take care of the worsening situation.